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58th Congress I SENATE 

2d Session ( 



I Document 
\ No, 321 



MARCUS A. HANNA 

(LATE A SENATOR FROM OHIO) 



Memorial Addresses Delivered in the 
Senate and House of Representatives 



If I 



Second Session of the Fifty-Eighth Congress 



WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFnCE:1904 



I 



^J-/ 



I 



I 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Page. 

Proceedings in the Senate ; 5 

Prayer by Rev. Henry N. Couden, D.D 1 1 

Prayer by Rev. Edward Everett Hale 21 

Address of Mr. Foraker, of Ohio 24 

Address of Mr. Scott, of West Virginia 33 

Address of Mr. Cockrell, of Missouri 43 

Address of Mr. Piatt, of Connecticut 49 

Address of Jlr. Cullom, of Illinois 55 

Address of Mr. Blackburn, of Kentucky 59 

Address of Mr. Elkins, of West \'irginia : 64 

Address of Mr. Fairbanks, of Indiana 71 

Address of Mr. Daniel, of Virginia Si 

Address of Mr. Perkins, of California 89 

Address of Mr. Depew, of New York 96 

Address of Mr. Beveridge, of Indiana 109 

Address of Mr. Dolliver, of Iowa 1 13 

Address of Mr. Kearns, of Utah 121 

Address of Mr. Dick, of Ohio 124 

Proceedings in the House 137 

Prayer by Rev. Henry N. Couden, D.D 143 

Address of Mr. Long^vorth, of Ohio 145 

Address of Mr. Cassingham, of Ohio 149 

Address df Mr. Goebel, of Ohio 151 

Address of Mr. Southard, of Ohio 155 

Address of Jlr. Tawney, of Minnesota 160 

Address of Mr. Beidler, of Ohio 169 

Address of Mr. Brick, of Indiana 172 

Address of Mr. Lovering, of Massachusetts 180 

Address of Mr. Smith, of Illinois 1S2 

Address of Mr. Kyle, of Ohio 1S9 

Address of Mr. Morgan, of Ohio 191 

Address of Mr. Hildebrant, of Ohio 195 

Address of Mr. Gibson, of Tennessee 19S 

Address of Mr. Morrell, of Pennsylvania 213 

Address of Mr. Calderhead, of Kansas 217 

Address of Mr. Adams, of Pennsylvania 220 

Address of Mr. Lacey, of Iowa 224 

Address of Mr. Grosvenor, of Ohio 226 

3 



Death of Senator Marcus A. Hanna 



PROCEEDINGS IN THE SENATE 

Tuesday, February i6, 1904. 

THE PRAYER 

The Chaplain, Rev. Edward Everett Hale, offered the 
following prayer : 

" For we know that if our earthh' house of this tabernacle 
were dissolved, we have a building of God, an house not 
made with hands, eternal in the heavens." 

" Behold, I shew you a nustery," he writes. I make 
plain to you that that has been a mystery. 

" We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a 
moment, in the twinkling of an eye, =^ * * for this 
corruptible must. put on incorrnption, and this mortal must 
put on immortality." 

Father, these who have known him best, these who have 
loved him, they come to thee to ask thy strength for 
weakness, for light in darkness, and that thou wilt inter- 
pret unto them the lessons of life and death. All of us. 
Father, who knew him to love him and to honor him, we 
are altogether, with those nearest to him in his home, in 

5 



6 Life and CItaraclcr of Marcus A. Hauua 

the sorrows of this lionr. Come near to us as only our 
Father can come near to ns. Show ns what it is to be the 
immortal children of an eternal God. Train ns to new 
service and lar<fer ser\-ice when we ^o from world to world 
or from life to life, to l)e with thee in this infinite heaven 
of thine. 

Father, we pray for this nation, that she may alwa)-s have 
counselors from the midst of her, men who know her people 
and who know the world and are willing to join with one 
heart and willi one \oice that this may be the kingdom of 
ihy lo\e. Be with us in our sorrows as thon hast been 
in our joys. We ask il in Chri.st Jesus. 

Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be th\' name, 
tin- kingdom come, thy will be done on earth as it is in 
heaven, (iive us this day our daily bread, and forgi\-e ns 
our trespa.sses as we forgive those who lres])ass against us. 
And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from e\il, 
for thine is the kingdom and the iK)wer and the glorv, 
forever. .\meu. 

Till-: JOIKNAI. 

The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal t>f yester- 
day's proceedings, when, on request of Mr. .Vldrich and by 
unanimous cou.senl, the further reading was dispensed with. 

TliL l'Ki:siiiK.\ r pro tempore. Without objection, the 
Journal will stand ajijiroved. 

1iI:A'II1 of .SKNATOlt IIANN.V 

Mr. 1mikaki;k. Mi. I'vesideul, 1 have a painful (hil\ to 
l>erform. It is that of makin;^ formal auuonnceiueut of the 
death of ui\ lati- eolkague, Hon. MAKtis .\. IIann \. He 



Proceedings in the Senate 7 

departed this life in this city, at the Arlington Hotel, where 
he had been residing during this session of the Senate, at 
the hour of 6.40 p. m. yesterday, surrounded by his family 
and innnediate friends. 

The event was not unexpected at the time when it 
occurred. For months past it has been evident to all who 
were associated with him that he was in failing health. 

He was urgently and repeatedly advised to desist from 
his labors and make a special effort to resist his maladies, 
but his strong will power, hopeful nature, and fidelit\- to 
dut\- were such that he disregarded all such sueeestions 
and continued at his post tmtil about three weeks ago, 
when he was prostrated by typhoid fever. 

His friends then became justh' alarmed. That alarm 
spread throughout the country-, and in response to unusual 
manifestations of public sympatln- his physicians bulletined 
his condition daily, and, finally, almost hourly. 

As the days passed hope failed, until all recognized that 
the "inevitable hour" was approaching. 

Thus it was that the end did not come as a surprise, but 
the regret it has occasioned appears to be more profound 
and universal on that account. 

His bereaved family have been the recipients of messages 
and telegrams of grief and condolence from all sections 
and from all classes. 

He is mourned by all his countrymen — b)- his political 
associates not alone because he was their great organizing 
leader who repeatedh- led them to victory, but also and 
more especially because he had gained their affections and 
reigned in their hearts as a favorite ; b^■ his political 



8 I-'ff (iiii^ Cliaracter of Mdixits .1. HiDiiia 

opponents because ihey are so chi\alrous and generous 
that they experience sorrow when a brave man falls, 
thoufjh he be of the opposition, and because the\- recojj^- 
nized in liini a Ixild and fearless foenian wlio connnanded 
their respect and excited their admiration. 

Here in the Senate, where he was so long a distin- 
guished member, he was best known and most appreciated. 

It is unnece.ssary to .speak in this pre.sence of the great loss 
his death has occasioned to his part\, his State, and the 
nation. All know ii l)etter tlian any language can express it. 

Mr. President, this is not the time for extended eulogy. 
Later, I shall ask the Senate to set apart a day when all his 
colleagues can join with me in paying fitting tribute to his 
life, character, and public services. 

1m )r the pre.sent I content myself with offering the reso- 
lutions I send tn the desk, for wliicli I ask present consider- 
ation. 

The Pkesidknt ])ro tempore. The Senator from Ohio sub- 
mits re.solutions, which the Secretarv will read to the 
Senate. 

The Secretary read the resolutions, as follows: 

h'i'.iiih.'fd. That tin- Si-naU- Iims IhmiiI with |)rof<iiiiiil sorrow of llit.- <lt-alh 
of llu- lloii. Makci'S .\. Uanna, laU- a SiMiator from tlic SUiU- of Ohio. 

/w.V(i/rr</, That a coiiiiiiittet- of twi-iity-fivi- Senators, of whom thi- IVesi- 
ili-iit l>ro li'iii|Kiri.- shall In; oiU'. In- a|>|Hiiiitf<l liy the prusuliiij; ofticcr to 
taki- onli-r for siiiifriiiti-ncliiin the fum-ral of Mr. Manna, which shall take 
pLuv ill till- Si-nali- Chaiiihcr at 12 o'clock iii. on Wi-dncsilay, rdiniarv 17, 
instant, ami that the Senate will atteiiil the sjiiiie. 

A'(Mc'/;vi/, That as a fnrther mark of resiK-ct hisreinnins he removeil from 
\V«sliiiij;t.>n to Clevelanil, Ohio, for Imrial, in charge of the Serneanl-al- 
Ariiis, atleiiiUil hy the committee, who shall have fnll ]Kiwer to cari'v these 
resoliiiions into effect; and that the necessary ex|K'nses in connection 
therewith l<e ]iuiil out of the contiiiKeiit fnn>l of the Senate. 



Procccdinq^s in tJic Senate 9 

Resolved, That the Secretary coniinunicate these proceedings to the 
House of Representatives and invite the House of Representatives to attend 
the funeral in the Senate Chamber and to appoint a committee to act with 
the committee of the Senate. 

Resolved, That invitations be extended to the President of the United 
States and the members of his Cabinet, the Chief Justice and associate 
justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, the diplomatic corps 
(through the Secretary of State), the Admiral of the Navy, and the 
Lieutenant-General of the Army to attend the funeral in the Senate 
Chamber. 

The President pro tempore. The question i.s on agree- 
ing to the resohitions submitted by the Senator from 
Ohio. 

The resohitions were unanimonsly agreed to. 

The President pro tempore appointed as the commit- 
tee under the second resohition Mr. Foraker, Mr. Allison, 
Mr. Aldrich, Mr. Hale, Mr. Piatt of Connecticut, Mr. 
Spooner, Mr. Perkins, Mr. Wetmore, Mr. Hansbrough, 
Mr. Warren, Mr. Fairbanks, Mr. Depew, Air. Kean, Mr. 
Scott, Mr. Beveridge, Mr. Alger, Mr. Kittredge, Air. Gor- 
man, Air. Cockrell, Air. Teller, Air. Bacon, Mr. Alartin, 
Air. Blackbtirn, and Mr. McEnery. 

Air. Foraker. Air. President, I move, as a further 
mark of respect to the deceased, that the Senate adjourn. 

The motion was inianimously agreed to; and (at 12 
o'clock and 12 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned 
until to-morrow, Wednesday, February 17, 1904, at 12 
o'clock meridian. 



lo Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

Wkdnksuav, February 77, 1904. 

KINKRAI. OK SENATOR HAXXA 

The casket containin<j^ the body of tlie dead Senator was 
broujjjht into the Senate Chamber, accompanied b\- the 
committees of arranjj^ements of the two Houses. 

Tile I'KKSinKNT pro tempore called the Senate lo order 
at 12 o'clock m. 

The Members of the House of Representatives, preceded 
bv the Serjjeant-at-Arms and the Clerk and by the Speaker, 
entered the Senate Chamber. The Speaker was escorted 
to a seat on the left of the President pro tempore, the 
Sergeant-at-.\rms and Clerk were assigiied to seats at the 
Secretary's desk, and the Members of the Honse were given 
the .seats on the floor provided for them. They were soon 
followed b\- the ambassadors of and ministers from foreign 
countrie.s, the Chief Ju.stice and associate justices of the 
vSnpreme Conrt, and the Admiral of the Navy and the 
Lientenant-Cieneral of the .\rm\, who occnpied the seats 
assigned them. The President of the Ignited States and 
his Cabinet ministers and the family of the deceased Sena- 
tor entered tlie Chamber and were shown to the .seats 
reserved for them. 

The Pkksidknt i)ro tempore .said: Senators, yon have 
.solemnK and lo\ingl\' dedicated this day to an ob.serx- 
ance of ap|)rt)])riate fnneral ceremonies over M.\kcrs .\. 
Hanna, late a di.stingnished member of this bod\, and 
all business will be sus]K-nded to that enil. We will 
unite in prayer with tlie Cha])lain of the National House 
of kejjresentatives. 



Proceedings in the Sena/e 1 1 

Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., Chaplain of the Honse of 
Representatives, offered the following prayer: 

With bowed head and sorrowing heart, ( ) Ciod, our 
Hea\'enh' Father, we meet here in the solemn j:)resence of 
the dead to pay a tribute of respect to a strong, great, 
honest, noble, nianh' man, warm in his affection, tender in 
his devotion to his friends and family, broad in his concep- 
tions, strong in his convictions, a patriot and a statesman, 
a leader among the leaders of our nation. He lived well, 
wrought well, and died mourned by a nation, than which 
no greater tribute can be offered to an\- man. The floral 
offerings so abundant, f/om the high, the lowly, the rich, 
the poor, testif}- more eloquenth- than words of his work 
and his faithfulness to duty. 

We thank thee for his life and deeds. Ma)' his example 
be an inspiration to the )-oung men of our nation, and his 
deeds be a cherished memory to us all; illumine our minds 
with the truth of the immortality of the soul, and inspire 
us with the hope that we shall dwell with him some time 
in the realms of bliss. 

Comfort, we beseech thee, as thou alone canst comfort, 
the bereaved wife and family, and luring us all, in thine own 
good time, to thee, through Jesus Christ, our Lord, .\nien. 

The Chaplain of the Senate, Rev. Edward E\'erett Hale, 
said: 

Those who knew him best Io\ed him most, and those 
who knew him least loved him much. 

It has been impossible to us who are almost strangers to 
him in person to li\-e through these anxious da)s through 
which we ha\-e been passing without feeling that here was 



12 /,//(■ ami Charixctcr o/' Marcus . I. Haiitia 

a token nf affection as well as of admiration and regret. 
Whether the child that cried when he told yon that Mr. 
Hanna was not so stronj^^, or the statesmen, wlio are used 
to the trreatest questions in the management of this world, 
ever\'body spoke with this feeling of affection, as if this were 
a near friend to whom he was paying tribute. 

.\nd this nation to-day is paying its tribute to his affec- 
tion, to his ]o\e, to that energy which springs from affection 
and lo\e, as it could not if these were mere tricks of mental 
ability, if this were any selfishness of a man tliinking of 
himself first and last. It is a tribute to one who forgot 
himself in liis care for others, eager to lift up those who had 
fallen down, and detennined that the right thing should be 
done. If he were tile man to do it, he would do it, with no 
thought of himself, hut with thoughts of his counlryuun 
and of the world. 

I met .some \ears ago a distinguished missionary from the 
other side of the world, from one of those nations who.se 
religions were coming into fashion here oyer half a century 
ago. He said to nie of the ])eople among whom he had 
lived that "they loxed llu- I.ord their Ciod with all their 
mind and with all their heart, perhaps, but they did not K>\e 
Him with all their strength." 

I have had that contrast running in my mind all this 
Week, l-'or here is a man who did his dut\' with all his 
heart and with all his strength, never thinking of himself, 
not eager to see what it was to l)e to him or what it would 
Ik- to this or that man, but bearing his brother's burden; 
eager to see this go forward, determined it shall go forward — 
.niiii;' uiili that enerj^x uliiili inmes from lo\e alone, which 



Proceed i II o^s in the Senate 13 

comes from the heart, which comes with every man's thought 
of God and of his fellow-men, and comes from nothing and 
nobody besides. 

It is not the energy of a Napoleon trying to do what will 
put him forward, which is like any other calaniit>- in human 
life. It is the energy of Love, of one who has found out 
what faith and hope and love are, and who dedicates himself 
to the Eternities. 

I can not but hope that this highest range of human life 
ma}- open to those young men who are growing up now, 
that they may follow in his footsteps, in his resolve to live, 
not with that poor, .selfish energy, bred from .selfish rea.son, 
bred from imagination, bred from memory, where if a man 
dies he dies out as Napoleon or any other calamity dies out. 
If he lives by the eternities, no, no. 

Among the promises of the Israelites one of the noblest 
prophets sa}-s of the glorious future which is to come to the 
world, " Their nobles shall be of them.selves, and their eov- 
ernor shall proceed from the midst of them." Enthusiasm, 
indeed, that might arouse among those oppressed Israelites 
who heard \our governors are not to be altar-bred Levites, 
coming down from the centuries before them. No more 
incompetent striplings on the throne born from an incom- 
petent father who came from an incompetent grandfather 
in some line of centuries throutjh all the miserable staees, 
"bad b^• degrees, but miserablv worse." Vour ruler shall 
come from the midst of them. Your rulers shall proceed 
from your.seh'es. 

It is no wonder that our Revolutionary leaders caught 
up that verse. Cooper preached a sermon from that text 



14 I'ifi' niid Character of Marcus A. I la una 

in 1 780, wliicli Franklin translated into French and into 
(iennan and scattered broadcast thrduyli Europe — the first 
"campaign document" of the newborn Ki.-pnblic, the lesson 
of republicanism, the lesson of democracy. It announced 
to man that theory of j^overnment, "the fjovernment of the 
people, for the people, and by the people." 

Von see it is radical; it jjoes to the complete distinction 
between tile old sxsteni and the new. The old theory was 
of the Ciesars takin.t,^ care of the Ctesars, or an arnn- takinjj 
care of an army and lejj;islatin<j for an army, or, as they say 
they do on the other side of the world, the jframmarians 
taking care of the grammarians. But when "we, the peo- 
ple," are at the helm, why, " we. the people," take care of 
" ns, the people," of the whole and not of a class or an order. 
Here is a (jovernnienl "for the people and by the people," 
and in Mr. H.\xN.\ yon have a man of the people who reallv 
belie\es in such democracy or the purpose of any republic. 
If \ou want lienjaniin FVanklin, take Heujamin Franklin, 
though it be from a tallow chandler's shop. If yon want 
.\ljraham Lincoln, you shall ha\e .\brahain Lincoln. In 
that comes the svslem for w liicli he had con.secrated him- 
self, to which he was allied, and in which he was looking 
forward, working heartily through all his career. 

I remember in the canvass eight years ago a distinguished 
leader of enter])rise met with one i>f the campaign sjieakcrs 
of tile summer and said lo him, "Till nie, who is this 
Cleveland man — this man who .seems to have the reins in 
his hands?" .\nd the ae-comjilished gentlemen whom he 
addre.s.sed said: "This Cle\eland man is a man who is 
going to elevate |x>litics to the level of iho.se nun of 



Proceedings in the Senate 15 

business who are men of honor." I wonder if either of 
them remembers the conversation now. That described 
^Ir. Haxxa then. That is the duty of the statesman of 
to-day — of tlie manager, if you please to call him so, of 
to-da\- — that he shall elevate the duty of the day to the 
standard of the men of honor who are engaged in business. 

It is for a people that you are caring, not for a class. 
Government means that the post-office shall be well admin- 
istered, that the sanitary conditions of the people shall be 
well administered, that what they drink shall be pure, that 
what they eat shall not be poison for them. It is the peo- 
ple who have sent you to this work, and it is as \o\\ love 
the people or as you love \'ourself alone that \ou are going 
to succeed or that \o\\ are goiu"; to fail. 

This man was one of the people. He lo\-ed the people. 
What he did he did for his love of the people, and he 
knew — becau.se he \v'as one of them, becau.se he had suc- 
ceeded in busines.s — he knew what are the eternities. He 
knew that a round bolt would not fit a square hole in the 
side of a steamship. Truth. He knew that iron was to be 
drawn by this law or by that law and that it must be 
welded bv law and well done. 

The man of business honor knows that his word nnist be 
as good as his bond, and unless I do the duty God has 
given me with an eager love of those around me, "Ah, woe 
is me!" 

When men tell us, as those men do who know, that this 
man could mediate between the men who provide the tools 
and the workmen who handle them; this man had at once, 
as no othei man had, the confidence of capital and labor, 



1 6 Life and Characttr of Marcus A. Ha una 

yon understand what worked that miracle. Vou can work 
it Nourself. 

Honorl Trnthl Love! And as the man of l)usine.ss, if 
he l)e a man of honor, has found that \\\^\\ law which cen- 
turies have found is the only law — as he applies that in the 
husiness of the nation he wins for the eternities faith, hope, 
and lo\e. These three abide. 

" Let us praise famous men. Let us look txick now to 
the fathers." The.se are the words wrilleu uearh' two 
thousand years ago. 

The Cha])laiu of the Senate read appropriate passages 
from the < )ld and the Xew Testament, at the conclusion of 
which he .said: 

Let us ])ra\-. Father of Life, he is with thee. He sees 
as he is .seen. He knows as he is known. Hut we wait a 
little longer. We need not pray for hiui. Ik- ])ra\s for us 
in the glad certainties of the larger life, and we go and 
come, remembering him and looking forward to oiir meet- 
ing with him in tin- time. 

h'ather, may every memory of him (luicken us to a larger 
life, and e\ery thought of the future show us iiow we are 
to meet all the.se dear ones who have gone before, how we 
are to see as we are .seen and to know as we are known. 

We ask thy l)le.ssing upon those so near to him in the 
home, where they will not hear his \vhisjK*r nor .see his 
face. .\nd wi- ari- all brothers and sisters in the house 
of death. We ask it each for all and all for each, that 
we may bear each other's burdens, e\en as we have not 
ilone until now; tlial we may be strong in each other's 
stren),;th: that we ma\ walk, I'atluv. with thee; that ever\- 



Proceedings in tlic Senate 17 

day we may hear tin' whisper and go and come in th\' 
perfect love. 

Grant ns more of faith in thee, that we may see thee 
who art invisible; that we may hear thee in the whispers 
of thy love, speaking to us in our own li\-es; that thou 
wilt inspirit ns with thine own Holy Spirit; that we may 
enter into that service which is perfect freedom; that we 
may do the duty ever\- dav which thou doth command, 
and that never more we may feel alone, but always ma)" 
know our Father is with us. 

Give us more of hope, that we ma>- look forward as im- 
mortals do look forward ; that we may live as immortals 
live ; that we may enter into thy work indeed, because 
thou hast given it to us to do ; that we may partake of th}- 
nature and live in heaven to-day, to-morrow, and in the 
davs that are to come ; that we may speak with th\- word ; 
that we mav think with thy thought ; that we may love 
with thv love, and be glad with thy jo)'. Gi\'e us more 
of hope. 

And for this, Father, that we may bear one another's 
burdens ; that we ma\' remember the lessons of such a life 
as his; that we may forget ourselves while we live for 
others; that we may go about doing good as He, thy well- 
beloved Son, in the homes of the sick and the poor and the 
weak as in the homes of the rich and the powerful and the 
strong. Knit together in love, may we bear each other's 
burdens, and so fulfill the whole law of Christ. 

Reverenth-, humbly, and with the tears of the nation we 
bear his body and la}' it in the ground, earth to earth, dust 
to dust, ashes to ashes. But he is with God ever. He is 

S. Doc. 321, 5S-2 2 



1 8 Life and Character of Marcus . I. Hauna 

changed in a moment, in the twinkling of an e>e. He is 
in tile larger life. 

Father, we ])ra\- that we ma\- learn the- lessons of that life 
as we go and come here; that we may go about the work 
that thon hast given ns to-day and to-morrow, and that we 
may be read\- at any moment to hear the whisper coming to 
ns that we may enter into the joy of onr Lord. 

This is onr praver. Hear ns, answer ns, and bless ns as 
thine own children, in Christ Jesus. Amen. 

The hymn " Nearer, my Ciod to Thee " was snng by the 
i|nartette of the Oridiron Clnb, composed of Mr. Herndon 
Morsel], Mr. J. Henry Kaiser, Mr. Alexander Mosher, and 
Mr. John II. Nolan. 

The Pki;siiii:nt pro tempore .said: \\"e comniii the body 
of onr belo\'ed Senator now to the two committees of the 
Honses of Congress and to the officers of the Senate, to be 
conveyed to his late home in Ohio and to his final resting 
place. May God sanctify his life and death to ns, who 
lo\ed him well. 

The benediction was pronotniced by the Chaplain of the 
Senate. 

The invited gnesls lia\ing retired from the Senate 
Chamber, 

Mr. LoiK.K. Mr. I'resitient, I mo\e that the Senate do 
now adjourn. 

The motio)i was unanimously agreed to; and (at i 
o'clock p. ni.) the Senate adjourned vinlil to-morrow, 
Thnrsdav. l-\brnar\ iS, 11)04, at 12 o'clock meridian. 



Proceedings of (he Senate 19 

February 18, 1904. 
message from the house 

The message also transmitted to t],ie .Senate the resohi- 
tions of the Honse of Representatives on the death of Hon. 
Marcus A. Hanna, late a Senator from the State of Ohio. 

The message further announced that the Speaker had 
appointed ]\Ir. Grosvenor, Mr. Van Voorhis, Mr. Burton, 
Mr. Southard, :\Ir. Dick, Mr. IVIorgan, Mr. Beidler, Mr. 
Cassingham, Mr. Hildebrant, Mr. Kyle, Mr. Xevin, '\\\. 
Snook, Mr. Warnock, ]Mr. Badger, Mr. Garber, Mr. Goebel, 
Mr. Jackson of Ohio, Mr. Kennedy, Mr. Longworth, Mr. 
Weems, ]\Ir. Hemenway, Mr. Bartlett, INIr. Lucking, Mr. 
Wiley of Alabama, ]\Ir. Dalzell, Mr. Watson, :\Ir. Burke, 
Mr. Currier, Mr. Sherman, Mr. Rodenberg, Mr. McCleary 
of Minnesota, and ]Mr. Calderhead as the committee on the 
part of the House to take charge of the funeral arrange- 
ments. 

March 5, 1904. 

memorial addresses on the late senator hanna 

^Ir. For.aker. Mr. President, I desire to give notice to 
the Senate that at the close of the routine morning business 
on Thursday, ]\Iarch 31,1 shall ask the Senate to consider 
resolutions commemorative of the life and character of my 
late colleague, the Hon. Marcus A. Hanna. 

March 26, 1904. 

memorial addresses on the LATE SENATOR HANNA 

>\Ir. FORAKER. Mr. President, a notice has been hereto- 
fore given that on Thursday, March 31, immediately after 



20 Life and Character of ^larctis A. Haima 

the routine morninjj business, the Senate would be asked to 
consider resolutions coninieniorative of the life, character, 
and public ser\ices of the late Senator Haxna, of Ohio. 
On account of the inconvenience to some who desire to 
speak on the occasion, orowing- out of that date being- fixed, 
I now recall that notice and give notice that those resolu- 
tions will be presented to the Senate on Thursday, April 7, 
innnediately after the routine nioniing business. 



MEMORIAL ADDRESSES 

Thursday, April 7, 1904. 

The Chaplain, Rev. Edward Everett Hale, offered the 
following praver : 

Let us now praise famous men, and our fathers that begat us. 
The Lord hath wrought great glory bv them through his great power 
from the beginning. 

* -^ t:- ^ ^ * * 

Leaders of the people by their counsels, and by their knowledge of 
learning meet for the people, wise and eloquent in their in.structions. 

-\11 these were honored in their generations, and were the glor_v of their 
times. 

There be of them that have left a name behind them, that their praises 
might be reported. 

.\nd some there be which have no memorial; who are perished, as 
though they had never been; and are become as though they had never 
been born; and their children after them. 

But these were merciful men, whose righteousness hath not been 
forgotten. 

» * , « * * * * 

The people will tell of their wisdom, and the congregation will show 
forth their praise. 

Let \\s pray. Almighty Father, we thank thee for 
everthing; but thi.s morning, fir.st of all, for our fathers 
who begat n.s, for those from whom we spring, for the men 
who made the Constitution of this nation, for the men who 
fir.st sat in this Senate, who led this people by their wisdom, 
by their coimsel, by their foresight, and by their love of God. 



2 2 Life and Character of Marcus A. I /a una 

T1k-\ are reineinbercd b\- name or they are not remembered. 
Hut tlieir ricrhteousness shaJl never be forgotten, and we, the 
sons, will not be faithless to their memory. F'irst of all, in 
this Senate, to the men who made the first rnles for this 
j^eat nation, men who listened to God and heard Him, men 
who were pure and peaceable, jjentle, and easy to be en- 
treated, full of mercy and <r(x>d works, without partisanship 
and without hyjx)crisy. 

.\nd.now. Father, for to-day and for to-morrow and the 
da\s that are to come, be with tlie children as thou ha.st 
been with the fathers. Make the children move, as so many 
t)f the fathers moved, in tlie wa\- of (kid. .Sliow iheni iliy 
law, tliat they may make it our law; that we ma\' translate 
the will of (lod into the will of men; that th\- kiufjdom 
may come and th\ will be done on earth as it is done in 
heaven. We ask it in Christ Jesus. Amen. 

Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be llix name. 
May lliy kins^'^dom come, may tin will be done, aw earth 
a.s it is done in hea\'en. (iive us this dav our dai]\ bread, 
and for}^ive us our trespa.s.ses as we forgive tlio.se who tre.s- 
pa.ss against us. .\nd lead us not into temptation, but 
deliver us from evil, for thine is the kingdom, and the 
])ower, and tlie glory, for ever and ever. .\men. 

Mi:.M(iKi.\i. .\i>iiKi-:.'^si-:.s on -i-iii-: i..\tk .sk.n.atou h.vn.na 

Mr. F<>i<.\Ki:k. Mr. President, in accordance with the 
notice heretofore j^ixeii, I now jire.sent the resolutions I 
.send to the desk, and ask for tlieir present consideration. 

TIk I'kKSlUKN'i' ])ro tem|xire. The resolutions submit- 
teti bv the Senator from ( )hio will be read. 



Memorial Addresses 23 

The Secretar\- read the resolutions, as follows: 

Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of the death 
of Hon. Marcus A. Hanna, late a Senator from the State of Ohio. 

Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the 
business of the Senate be now suspended to enable his associates to pay 
proper tribute to his high character and distingui.shed public services. 

Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the 
House of Representatives. 



Life and Character of Marcus A. Ilanna 



Address of Mr. Foraker. of Offlo 

Mr. President: I first met Senator Haxx.\ at the 
national Republican con\ention of 1884, to which he was 
a delegate at large. The other three delegates at large 
from Ohio to that convention were William McKinley, jr., 
Jndge William II. West, and nnself. McKinlev' and West 
.snpported Mr. Blaine, while Mr. H.\nn.\ and I were for 
John Sherman. Mr. Sherman was the first choice of ver\- 
few delegates to that convention, bnt many of his friends 
thonght he was the .second choice of a majority. 

While, therefore, the Ohio delegation was di\-ided, and 
there was hut little "first-choice" snpport from other 
.States, there was goo<l ground for hope that out of the 
po.ssibilities of the situation onr candidate might be cho.sen. 

This fact enconraged us to labor induslrionslv to make 
acquaintances and to liring aliout ininl)iiiatii>iK tlint wotdd 
l)e heliiful to <nir cau.se. 

Mr. I1ann.\ was then a yomig man, only 4(1 years of 
age. He was in the zenith of his powers, both mental and 
j)l)ysical. He was tireless in his efforts, pleasing in his 
manners, and direct and forceful in the advi>cacy of Mr. 
.Sherman's claims, and in all these res])ects he impressed 
himself most favorably ui>on all with whom he came in 
contact. Mm he lacked tluu ilie name and iutlueuce he 
afterwards acquired. He was known only as a l)usine.ss 
man, wh<« ha<l never held an otlice i>f an\ kind, and who 



Address of Mr. Forakcr, of Ohio ■ 25 

had never figured in public affairs, except in his own citv 
and count)', and he was really still a new man there. 

He had been chosen as a delegate at large not because 
he was a factor in State jiolitics, for he had not >et become 
such, but only because he was a strong man in his own 
coimty, and that county put him forward to represent it on 
the delegation, and the Republicans of the State accepted 
him on that indorsement. 

It was on account of such circumstances and for such 
reasons that his efforts in behalf of ;\Ir. Sherman, although 
earnest and zealous, were yet of but little avail. 

In connection with those efforts, however, I became fa- 
miliarly acquainted with him, and as a result of that ex- 
perience we became warm friends, both politicallv and per- 
sonally. 

That friendship was uninterrupted until shorth' prior to 
the national Republican convention of 1888, to which we 
were both again delegates, and as such once more united in 
the support of Mr. Sherman. 

In connection with, that con\ention incidents occurred 
which, together with minor differences that arose shorth' 
before, entirelv interrupted our relations for the next three 
years, when in a modified and less cordial way thev were 
resumed and thereafter contin|ied until his death. 

These relations were less cordial than previoush-, because 
although we at times heartily cooperated and in a personal 
and social wa}- were entireh' friendly, yet in political mat- 
ters we were generalh' opposed to each other in the fac- 
tional contests and controversies among the Republicans of 
our State. 



26 Lift- and Character of Marcus A. Hainia 

His relations to McKinlev- arc well known. The\- were 
such that when McKinlev' Ijecanie President and he be- 
came Senator he natural!)- and inevitabh- became domi- 
nant in Ohio politics. 

I mention all this not to review or to revive the past, 
much less to discuss the merits of its disputes, but only to 
show the many points of \ icw from which it was my for- 
tune to know and study the man. 

In the jjfrave with him lie buried all differences, all ho.s- 
tilities, all animosities, all prejudices, and all unkindness of 
feeling of e\'ery .sort that ever at any time may have been 
entertained. 

I would not discu.ss anything of such a nature on this 
occasion if I could, and I could not do so with propriety if 
I would. Here and now all criticism should be hushed, 
e.xcept only that which ma\- be an inseparable part of his 
actvial life, character, and imblic .services. 

He would not, if he could, have it otherwise, for, if I 
knew him and imderstood him, I hazard nothing in saving 
that if he could have a voice as to the character of this 
day's exercises, he would not countenance false praise nor 
wish to have ascribed tn him virtiu-s lu- <li(l not i-\en pro- 
fe.ss to have. 

He had lot! much .sen.se of propriety, 1(k> much regard for 
truth, and too mucli confidence and pride in what he realK 
w;ls to desire to be i)ainted here or el.sewhere in other than 
true colors. Happily for his memor\' the.se color; are suffi- 
ciently brigiii. 

Having expre.s.sed this iK-lief, il is hardly uecess;ir\ to say 
that 1 shall iiol consciously exaggerate iu what I nia\- .s;i\- 



Address of Mr. Forakcr^ of Ohio 27 

of him, but rather strive to speak onh' the words of sober 
truth. 

To those who kuew hiui oulv as I knew him for the first 
four \ears of our acquaintance he was an unusually lovable 
man. He was bright, cheery, generous, kind, strong, ani! 
ever ready to practice self-denial, especially when it in- 
volved the preferment of a friend. 

These qualities were so pronounced and so manifest that 
none others could well be seen by tho.se who looked 
through only the partial e\es of friendship. 

B}- these traits and habits he naturally made such ardent 
friends of all with whom he met that it was easy for them 
to think and believe that if he had differences with anyone 
or met with opposition from anyone, it must ha\-e been 
without fault on his part. 

In .some measure — perhaps in large measure — this ma\- 
have been true. Whether it was always the case is imma- 
terial, so far as present purposes are concerned. The fact 
is mentioned not to controvert or discuss it, but onlv to 
show his charming and powerful qualities in this regard. 

But while he thus appeared to his friends and to all who 
were in accord with him and had no occasion to know him 
except in agreeable relations, he appeared to have some 
additional and less agreeable characteristics to those who 
were .so unfortunate as to be in opposition to him con- 
cerning any matter he deemed important. 

To all such he was the \-ery impersonation of antagonism 
itself. 

He had such strong convictions that he alwavs felt 
impelled in such ca.ses to contend with all his energv and 



28 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiitia 

powers for the views he entertained and the canse he 
espoused. 

In all such contests he invariabh- battled fiercely and 
unrelentin-ly to the end, spurning all compromises and 
stoppin<,r at nothing honorable short of unqualified success. 

He was .so constituted by nature that he could not easily 
do otherwise. 

As a result, he .seldom resorted to diplomac\- or to any 
kind of effort to placate or mollify opposition, but relied on 
the logic of hard knocks. 

Like Xapoleon. he believed that the wa>- to win victo- 
ries was to have the heaviest artillery- and plent\- of it, and 
to make vigorous u.se of it. 

While this polic\- made many enemies, it al.so made 
legions of friends and in.spired them with confidence and 
affectionate admiration. 

He reciprocated this de\otion to such an e.xtent that he 
never hesitated to support his followers in their troubles or 
to help ihcm fight their battles, without much regard to 
their character. 

This at times brought criticism uiu-n him, l)iu he never 
faltered on that account. 

He could only .see the friendship he had enjoyed, and 
refused to believe that the man who bore him attachment 
could be unwortln- of his assi.stance. 

Only a man of unconnnon .strength of character, and one 
l>os.sc-ssin^; the confidence of his fellow-countrymen- to an 
unusual degree, could have done what he .s.) Iiabitually did 
in this re.s,Kct willu.ut .serious injury to his reputation, but 
with him it came t<. be reg-arded as a virtue. 



Address of Mr. Foraker, of Ohio 29 

Combined with these characteristics he was blessed with 
an extraordinary intellectnal endowment, a powerful 
physique and a pleasing- personality, an agreeable voice, 
and an absolute freedom from affectation. His conceptions 
were quick and remarkalsh- acciirate. His judgment was 
uncommonly good of both men and measures. He had 
wonderful power of endurance and the facult}- of approach- 
ing men, although directly and at times almost bluntly, in 
such a manner as to prepossess them favorabh- both as to 
himself and his subject. Few men have been favored with 
such a rare combination of faculties and powers as he pos- 
sessed, and yet he lacked qualities ordinarily deemed indis- 
pensable to a successful public career. 

He was not a scholarly man, nor a student, in the ordi- 
nar\- .sense, of public questions, but as though b)- intuition 
he comprehended accurateh' and appreciated fulh' every 
problem that arose. 

He made no pretensions to any special refinement or 
culture, but was familiarly at ease in every circle. 

Historv', science, art, and literature were all fields in 
which he trod but casually, if ever at all, and \et amono; 
his warmest friends and most earnest admirers were to be 
found the most learned of the schools and the professions. 

His services in the Senate covered a period of almost 
.seven years. During all this time he was prominent, 
influential, and helpful in determining policies and shaping 
legislation of national and international importance and 
consequence; but he left behind him no statute or other 
measure of which he was distinctively the author. 

In short, although he had deficiencies and probably 



30 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiiim 

disappointed expectations in some respects, he filled a j^reat 
place among the greatest men of his time, and died respected, 
beloved, and nionrned b>- all classes of his conntnnien. 

His greatness was not like that of Webster and Clay, or 
Lincoln or Blaine or McKinley, for he did not pretend to 
have tile powers or accomplishments that made them so 
distingnished. He belonged to an altogether different class 
and t\pe of men. Althongh a ])leasant and agreeable 
jiublic speaker, nnlike them he was not an orator, and did 
not seek to mold audiences by the persuasive powers of 
eloqvience, nor did he undertake to fornnilate measures or 
to sohe in statutory fonn the problems of constructive 
statesmanship. 

His powers were of a different nature. Thev were of 
the organizing and executive character. While he had 
.sound judgment and quick perception to enable him to 
perceive the right of ])nb]if questions and tlie policies tliat 
should be pur.sued wiili respect to them, lie also had .sound 
judgment as to how to reach the understandings of men 
and how to impress upon them llie nece.ssities of coopera- 
tion and the cliaracter of machinery and jirocedure b\- which 
to bring about effective results. Plainly slated, he had 
unconnnon connnon .sen.se and an almost unnatural knowl- 
edge of human nature. He was above all men of jiis 
time fitted for the work that fell to him in connection 
with ihe nojuinatinn and the election of William MeKinle\ 
to the Presidency. 

His training and e.xperience as a busin<.» iii.ni enabled 
him lo perceive and ajtpreciate the incalculable importance 
ol the (|uestions to be tried before the .\merican jK-ople, the 



Address of Mr. Forakcr^ of Ohio 31 

superior qualifications of his candidate to represent his 
part}- at that particular time with respect to those ques- 
tions, and the methods wherebN- to educate the American 
people and bring them to a united support of the views 
that finally prevailed with respect thereto. 

This was his great opportunity, and he improved it so 
thoroughly that he not only excited the affectionate regard 
of his own part}', but also commanded the admiration of 
his opponents. It was an arduotis work well done. 

He had the usual experience of men who do great things 
well. 

He was made the target for all the criticisms, abuses, 
slanders, and libels that malicious ingenuity could invent. 

There was no ignoble trait or passion that was not 
ascribed to him and portrayed of him in the political car- 
toons and writings of that day. A le.ss strong man would 
have despaired and been destroyed b}- it, but he never 
showed the slightest concern on such account. 

Conscious of his power and the tiltimate vindication of 
his purposes, he disregarded them all and went steadily 
forward upon the lines of dut\- as he saw it. 

He grew not alone with the }'ears, but even with the 
days. Soon the whole country came to understand that he 
was one of the really great men of his da}- and generation. 
Then the pendulum of public opinion swung quickly in 
the opposite direction. ?kIisconcei3tions faded and misrep- 
resentations ceased. Praise suceeded to criticism, and 
favor followed, until he enjoyed at the hands of the 
American people a most rare and exceptional esteem and 
admiration. 



32 Life ami Characicr of Marcus . I. Jlainia 

He was given a most gratifying evidence of this regard, 
and one that he fnlh' appreciated, by the people of Ohio at 
the last election. As the candidate of his party for the Sen- 
ate he appealed directly for their suffrages, and at the close 
of a hotly contested campaign was accorded the most tri- 
umphant indorsement ever given by that State to any can- 
didate for that oflRce. 

He had before him seven years of service, for which he 
had already been chosen, when the fatal summons came. 
Had he lived and been bles.sed with health the\- would un- 
doubtedly have been years of still greater usefulness and 
higher honors. Willi his increased prestige and ripened 
exjxrrience all reasonable achievements were not onh- pos- 
sible but probable. 

I'nder such circumstances his death .seemed not onlj- 
untimely, but a most unusual public lo.ss. The whole 
nation, as well as his family and close friends, experienced 
a deep sen.se of Ix^reavemenl. 

It is .some con.solation to realize that he ran his race well 
to the end, and that his career, successful throughout, was 
crowned mitil its ver)' clo.se with a succession of brilliant 
triumphs that endeared him to his countrymen and ga\e 
him a permanent place of high honor not onl\ in their his- 
tor\-, but al.st) in their hearts. 



Address of Air. Scott, of ]l\'st Virginia ^sZ 



Address of Mr. Scott, of West Virginia 
Mr. President: 

To live in hearts we leave behind 
Is not to die. 

From childhood on through each .succeeding period, 
among the many with whom we are associated, there are 
always those to whom we are peculiarly attracted, with 
whom it is an especial pleasure to be, who seem in some 
way to belong to us and we to them. These we hold as 
friends. 

In the morning of that day which we call life, the Angel 
of Death, with noiseless footstep, steals among a group of 
merr\- children and bears away the one whom we most love, 
while we stand by wondering, afraid, and lonely. Without 
our little friend school is a drear\-, cheerless place ; we fail 
in lessons that we knew, because our thoughts are far away. 
Nor have we heart for pla)- ; a shadow falls on every game 
and robs it of its sport, and every tree and field and brook 
reminds us of our loneliness. But sorrow does not long 
weigh down the buoyant, elastic spirit of a child ; and so, 
after a while, soineone else slips into the vacant place, and 
life is glad again. 

Years pass. It is the noontime of life's day. Again the 
unwelcome angel comes and bears be}-ond our touch and 
ken our best beloved friend. The pain is keen, the wound 
S. Doc. 321, 58-2 3 



34 t-ijf nnd Character of Marcus A. Hatiiia 

deep. We are restless; and listlessK- we take up our round 
of duties; the chann and zest have fled. To us the sky 
seems ever g-ray, and the glad sunshine to have gone for- 
ever. Yet this also is a period of elasticity, of ceaseless, 
virile activity, a period of nian\- interests. So here, too, 
after a time, there is a rebound. Do we forget? .\h, no! 
This friendship becomes a sweet, a treasured uKnior)-, 
whose impress we bear through all the years to come. 

Time Inirries on. We reach the afternoon of life and 
feel ourselves, though all reluctantly, nearing the twilight. 
We are more slow than once we were to take on new 
friendships; but time and the experience of life ha\e gi\en 
depth and strength to those alread\- fonned. Xor do we 
here escape the visit of the angel. Indeed, he comes more 
frequently than in the years gone by and bears awav those 
whom we cherish ; but into the place of the friend whom 
death takes from us n.» luw one enters. We are more 
lonely than we were in childhood or in earlier manhood • 
more full of yearning; yet is there no vacant place in our 
heart, for the inspiration of the jser.sonality of liim who.se 
fonn has \ani.shed, who.se voice is hushed, lives with us 
still to bless us. 

Within a few brief years, thrice has the .Vngel come and 
Ijonie away, beyond the dark, nusterious borderland, into 
that fair country where "there shall be no more death, 
neither sorrow, lu.r crying, neither .shall there be any more 
pain," those whom I liave had the honor to claim as 
friind.s— men of nolile heart, of breadtli of view, of ]Knse of 
character, wlio.se minds were masterful, wlio.se loyalix kiu w 
•no variableiies.s, udther .sludow <.f turning,"— iiun <Teat 



Address of Aft: Scott, of JVest Virginia 35 

in achievement, who charmed alike the imagination and 
the heart — Hobart, McKinley, Hanna. And it is to honor 
the memory of the last of this noble trio, MARCUS A. 
Hanxa, that we are thns met to-day. 

When, on the evening of the 15th of Febrnan,-, represent- 
atives of the press called upon me and asked for some 
expression of opinion regarding Senator Hanna, I said: 
Gentlemen, you must excuse me to-night. As well might 
yotr ask' me to speak concerning the loss of some dear 
member of my own household, as to speak at such a time 
of him whom I have so loved. 

All that da}- I had remained near the room in which he 
lay ill, hope struggling within me against despair, despair 
against hope, hope finally yielding to despair. When the 
word came that to the last grim enemy the great, strong 
will of the otherwise unconquerable Hann.\ had bended, 
and I stood face to face with the fact that the spirit of this 
brave, true man had gone to return no more forever, grief 
and desolation filled m\- heart. 

He was a man made to be loved, and he was loved. To-day \ 
the world seems lonesome without him. I miss his kindh' 
face, his cordial hand clasp, his genial companionship, his 
helpful counsel. Sometimes, indeed, it seems as if the very 
sunshine itself were not so bright and warm as once it was. 

I speak because " he was my friend, faithful and just to 
me ;" because I loved him ; because his friendship was one 
of the priceless blessings of my life ; and, finally, because to 
keep silent on this da}- set apart to do him reverence would 
seem to savor of disloyalty ; not that I can add aught to the 
rich meed of well-deserved praise that has been accorded 



36 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiina 

him (luring these weeks that have gone. I have no gift of 
eloquence with which to grace a splendid eulogy. Mine is 
but the simple tribute of a friend — a friend who knows no 
words commen.surate with the mighty flood of feeling that 
surges through his breast. Those happier in the use of 
words than I, fellow-Senators — the orators of this honorable 
body — (ithers brilliant and distinguished in public life, min- 
i.sters of the gospel, the press, political and various civic 
organizations, have paid him noble tribute. And yet has 
he indeed need of these? Are not his own life and charac- 
ter his most eloquent eulogy? 

Nature licrst-lf will have no great things hastily forme<l; in the direct 
path to all Ixrautiful and conspicuous achievement she heaps up difficulty, 

said Rufus Clioate. And we have learned, each for him- 
.self, only too well the cost of even moderate achievement; 
we ha\e learned also the cost of loyalty — especially the cost 
of loyalty in political life. W'Ikh we remember, therefore, 
how ])reeminently Senator H.\NN.\ succeeded in even*- field 
thai engaged his interest and to which he gave his en- 
deavor; when we remember his unswerving loyalty to every 
cause that he cspou.sed, to every promise that he made, to 
every friend that he had, we begin to appreciate how phe- 
nomenal he was. 

The president of ]ierlia])s tlie most powerful railroad sys- 
tem in the I'niled States remarked .some months ago that, 
in the several conversations which it had been his jirivilege 
l<» lKi\e with Senator Ii.\x.\.\, he was struck with his com- 
prehensive grasp of subjects to which, it might very natu- 
rally lia\ e been supposed, he had had but little ojijxjrtunitx' to 
give muili eonsideratiou; and that touching the ciuestion of 



Address of Mr. Scott, of IVcst I 'irginia 2>7 

transportation, for example, to which day after day and year 
after year he himself gave his serious thought — which, 
indeed, was his life study — he had never talked with Sena- 
tor Hanna without receiving some new idea or some orig- 
inal and valuable suggestion. 

His political life was inseparably connected with that of 
our late beloved President, William McKinley. For many 
years he had been a warm admirer of McKinley and had 
supported him with all the ardor of a true friend in his 
political advancement. When the memorable campaign of 
1896 drew near, the demand for McKinley as the candidate 
of the Republican party became widespread and insistent. 

His long and honorable career in the National Congress 
and as governor of Ohio made him the logical candidate of 
the party. The country had just passed through a period 
of disastrous business depression, and financial interests 
were in a chaotic and demoralized condition. McKinley 
was the personification of the American policy of protec- 
tion, and was heralded as the "advance agent of prosperity." 

At this juncture there appeared on the horizon a star 
previously unknown to the political world. It flashed 
forth through the mists of obscurity with the brilliancy of 
a meteor, fixed it,self in the firmament of political activity, 
and became the guiding star of the Republican hosts. As 
a political manager Mr. H.\nn.\ was an unknown quantity, 
and wise men shook their heads with doubt and fear at the 
sudden ascendency of this new Moses of the party. Many 
gave utterance to expressions of deprecation, but his friends 
knew him and trusted him. Mr. Hanna, as I have said, 
was comparatively unknown in politics ; he had never been 



38 Life and Cliaractcr 0/ Marcus A. Ilaiuia 

a national character in the councils of his party, but he 
was a man whose name had been linked with success in 
every field to which his energies had hitherto been directed. 

He addressed himself to this new responsibilit\- with 
characteristic detennination and zeal, and more than ful- 
filled the exjiectations of his friends. His name became a 
hou.sehold word the comitry over. His oreat natural abil- 
it\', coupled with his lon<^ and successful experience in the 
world of affairs, fitted him for his new task and enabled 
him to master its every detail with a thorouufhness and an 
understandinjj that jjave confidence to those associated wiili 
him and excited the wonder and admiration of even his 
closest friends. His methods were original, and his direct- 
ne.ss fascinated his political opponents and compelled their 
res]xrct. He was the right man in the riglit place. 

The splendor of the \ictory of 1896, following, as it did, 
one of the fiercest political campaigns the nation had ever 
exjK-rienced. demonstrated that there had been no error in 
the choice of a leader, and proved that those who placed 
their faith in Mr. H.\n.\a knew in whom they trusted. It 
won for him tin.- unbounded confidence of llie couutrv at 
large and made tJie second decisive victory, gained h\ the 
ReiJublican part>' in 1900 through his wise and conserva- 
tive leaiiershi]), but the realixation of general expectation. 

(ireat as these victories were, however, to Mr. H.\NN.\, 
they brought something of bitterness. His position as 
chairman of the Reiniblican National Committee made 
him llu target for the niosf merciless criticism, the most 
venomous abu.se. .\s the strife grew more heated, tlu ri\al 
campaign orators aiul newspapers becanu- move and more 



Aadress of Mr. Scoit, of JVcst J 'irgiitia 39 

inflamed; and, in some instances, all sense of political fair- 
ness and of respect for the personal feelings of men seemed 
to be lost. 

Mr. Hann.\, the lifelong friend of labor, the kind, genial 
liberty-loving citizen, the considerate and respected em- 
ployer of \\vorkingmen, the honest, fair-dealing bnsiness 
man, in fact, the true, manh- man in every regard, was pic- 
tured to the inflamed minds of the masses as a fiend incar- 
nate, a monster, a hard-hearted and cruel crusher of labor. 
His personal as well as his business life was distorted so as 
to present him in the most odious light ; and for the time 
he was much misunderstood, much maligned. Outwardh', 
this abuse did not .seem to affect him. He was big enough 
and broad enough to tower abo\-e it, and when the storm 
was over he stood erect and strong, his integrity unscathed. 
But inwardh' he felt keenly the injustice that had been 
done him ; the sting sank deep into his heart and hurt him 
to the quick. 

I shall never forget one .morning during the campaign of 
1896 when he handed me a New York paper containing a 
cartoon of himself pictured as a huge monster, clad in a suit 
covered over with dollar marks, smoking an immense cigar, 
and trampling under foot women and children until their 
eyes protruded from the .sockets and their .skeleton forms 
writhed in agony. After I had looked at it for a moment, 
he said tome: "That hurts. When I have tried all my 
life to put mvself in the other fellow's place, when I have 
tried to help those in need and to lighten the burdens of 
those less fortunate than myself, to be pictured as I am 
here, to be held up to the gaze of the world as a murderer 



40 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiina 

of women and children, I tell you it hurts." And, looking 
up into the frank, manly face, I saw the tears coursinof 
down his cheeks, and he turned and silenth' walked awa\'. 

The subject which perhaps lay closer than any other to 
the mind and heart of this noble man, that to which he so 
often expressed the desire to devote the remaining days of 
his life, was the vital question of capital and labor, the 
matter of the adjustment of the differences between the 
employer and the employed. His position was a iniique 
one. He held the respect and confidence not only of the 
moneyed interests of the country, but also of the mass of 
the working people, and was therefore peculiarly fitted for 
the gigantic task of conciliating these two great classes in 
.\nierica. .\s an employer of labor, he gave the same 
earnest consideration to the welfare and advancement of his 
employees that he gave to his own. Strikes and lockouts 
were foreign to the industries which he conducted, and 
when differences arose they were adjusted amicabh' and 
satisfactorily. I lliought, as I listened to the eloquent 
words of Hishop Leonard that .sad day in Cle\elanil, how 
Senator H.\nn.\'.s great, tender heart, so exquisitely sen- 
sitive to kindness, would have burned within him at the 
silent and sublime tribute of those three hundred thousand 
miners wlio ceased their work that day, laid down their 
picks, and ])ut out their lamps that the\' might thus 
witness to the world their reverence for "a righteous man, 
a strong leader, a considerate employer." 

It has been said that self-interest rules the world from pole 
tojKile; and when 1 see how men, forgetful of the divine 
cunimand to love one another, turn against their fellow-men 



Address of Mr. Scott ^ of West I'irgiiiia 41 

with hatred and malice, I am ahnost persuaded that the 
words are true. But, happily, amid the gloom of such pes- 
simism, there ever flashes before me the golden example of 
m^■ belowed friend. When I remember how he gave up 
luxur\' and flung away ambition that he might go forth on 
the lofty mission of helping humanity and healing the strifes 
prevalent among us ; when I remember how, regardless of 
personal interest, he entered tlie arena where capital and 
labor were engaged in death struggles and brought them 
amicabh' together; when I hear the glad acclaims of the 
hundreds of thousands whom he reconciled and helped, the 
vision changes and I see no more the darkness and the gloom, 
but in their stead come the blessed sunshine of hope and the 
dawn of peace eternal, and the world with all its cares and 
miseries and crimes brightens as with the glory of the noon- 
day sun. 

How our pulse quickens, how our hearts are stirred, in 
the contemplation of a character so impressive. Wisdom, 
honor, courage, strength, and earnestness of purpose, self- 
control, frankness, steadfastness, simplicity, and kindliness 
of heart — all were met in him. And to these must be 
added that other distiucti\e trait — the one to which, above 
all others, I belie\'e he owed his preeminent success — an 
absolute , love of justice and fair play. He abhorred unfair- 
ness. With admirable impartiality of judgment he quickly 
discovered the just side of every controversy, and this once 
ascertained, whether in the affairs of individuals or in the 
larger matters affecting the policy of his country, nothing 
could swerve him from the course that his .sense of justice 
and of right marked out for him. It was this splendid side 



42 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ilaiina 

of liis character that so endeared liim to his fellow countr>-- 
iiieii and enshrined him in their affections. And could 
we, who knew him well, resist the magnetism of his high 
qualities? The\ were the subtle keys that unlocked our 
hearts and made them >ield up to him their store of admi- 
ration and affection. 

The world is better because he li\ed. So exalted was 
his character, so illustrious his achievements, so noble and 
un.selfish his ambitions, that life gave him uj) reluctantly 
and death was proud to take him. Rut death can not take 
from us the memory of what he was and what he did. 
Men come and go ; he alone lives forever in the hearts of 
his countrymen who truly loves and .ser\es his brother 
man. Though dead, this immortality, this endless life in 
human heart and histor\-, is the supreme, the sovereign 
reward of M.\kcrs Alonzo II.\.\.\a. 



Address of Mr. Cockrcll, of Missouri 43 



Address of Mr. Cockrell, of Missouri 

Mr. President: I desire to join in this last tribute of 
respect, friendship, and honor b)" the Senate to the memory 
of our late colleagiie, Hon. JM.\Rcrs Alonzo H.a.nn.\. 
Senator H.\nxa was born September 24, 1837, in Lisbon, 
Columbiana County, Ohio, and died in this capital city on 
February 15, 1904. With his father's family he removed to 
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1852, where he made his home there- 
after. He was educated in the common schools of that citv 
and in the Western Reserve College, at Hudson, Ohio. 

His father was the .senior member of the firm of Hanna, 
Garretson & Co., grocers. Senator Hanna began his busi- 
ness career as an employee in that firm and continued 
therein to the death of his father, in 1862, and thereafter 
represented his father's interest until 1867, when the busi- 
ness of the firm was closed up. He then became a member 
of the firm of Rhodes & Co., engaged in the iron and coal 
business, and at the expiration of ten years the title of the 
firm was changed to M. A. Hanna &; Co., which continued 
up to the time of his death. 

In this firm lie became identified with the transportation 
business on the Great Lakes, in the ownership of vessels on 
the Lakes, and in the construction of such vessels. He was 
president of the Union National Bank of Cleveland and of 
the Cleveland Cit\' Railway Company. 



44 Life and Characlcr of Marcus A. Hatiiia 

He devoted all his enerj,ries and abilities to his business 
affairs and was einineiilly successful, acquiring a private 
fortune which placed him in the rank of rich men in the 
country where riches are onl\- counted by millions. 

It is shown by the records that Marcus A. Haxna was 
mustered into service May 5, 1864, at Cleveland, Ohio, as 
second lieutenant of Compan\- C, One hundred and fiftieth 
Ohio National Guard Infantr\- \'olunteers, to serve one 
hundred days, and that he was mustered out and honorably 
discharged from the ser\-ice with his compan>-, as second 
lieutenant, August 23, 1S64, at Cleveland, Ohio. 

This organization, upon its muster in, proceeded to 
Washington, D. C, where it arrived Ma\ 14, 1S64, and 
was assigned to the defenses north of the Potomac. It was 
engaged in action at Fort Stevens, I). C, Julv 11 and 12, 
1864. 

The first civil position lie IkUI was that of Government 
director of the Union Pacific Railway Companv, in 1885, 
by tile appointment of President Cleveland. This position 
enabled him to e.xtend and widen his acquaintances among 
leading business men and to form valuable friend.ship.s. 

While a .stanch Republican, and taking a livelv interest 
111 party affairs, he had not sought any political preferment 
until 1884. He was cho.seii a delegate to the National 
Repul)lican conventions in 1884, 1888. and 1896. He had 
been an ardent admirer and a warm personal and political 
friend ..f President .McRinle\, and was iiio.st active in 
.securing his nomination in 1896, and w;ls eliosen chairman 
of the National Republican Committee in that vear and in 
it^x). and was liolding iIr- ix)siiion at his death. 



Address of Mr. Cockrcll, of Missouri 45 

When Hon. John Shennaii resigned his position as Sen- 
ator to accept the position of Secretar)- of State nnder 
President McKinle>-, Mr. Hanna was appointed Ignited 
States Senator by Go\ernor Bushnell, on ]\Iarcli 5, 1897, to 
fill the vacancN', and in Jannan>', 1898, he was elected to fill 
the unexpired portion of the term ending March 3, 1S99, 
and also for the fnll term ending March 3, 1905, and in 
January, 1904, was reelected for the term ending March 3, 
191 1, by the largest legi.slative vote ever given a candidate 
for the Senate in that State. 

In all business affairs Senator Hanna wielded a strong 
influence and his judgment was given great weight, and 
the results justified its sovxndness, and his organizations of 
enterprises were timely planned and capable of successful 
administration. As a politician Senator Hanna was pre- 
eminently successful and displayed a wonderful faculty and 
power for organization, gauging public opinion, adopting 
measures for promoting the interests and success of his 
party, and seeing where effort should be e.xerted. It is 
related of him that, in discussing his reasons for being in 
politics, he said: 

I am in politics for the best interests of the country through the instr-i- 
mentality of the Republican party. 

Senator H.\nx.\ entered the Senate with the prestige of 
a most successful business man and a most capable and 
eflficient part}' leader. 

The eyes and the attention of his personal and political 
friends and also his political opponents were fi.xed upon his 
conduct and actions as a legislator in the Senate of the 
United States without an\- previous experience in any 



46 Life and Character of Marcus .!. Hanna 

lefjisiative body. His career in the Senate sustained the 
highest expectations of his personal and political friends and 
gave him high rank in the Senate. He was not a frequent 
speaker, but in his di.scu.ssion of the questions in which he 
participated he spoke with great clearness and force and 
received the clo.sest attention of botli .sides in this Chamber. 
In regard to his death and lass I quote from an editorial 
in the E\ening Star, of this citv : 

Tile death of Mr. Han.na is truly a national loss, and a considerable 
one. He has for eight years played an important part in our national 
affairs, and played it well. He .secure.l and held the confidenee of the 
country. In business circles as well as in wage-earning circles he was 
e.steenie<l a statesman of sagacity and fair dealing. His influence was 
exerted in behalf of the public cre<]it, of progress in aflFairs, an<l of a 
friendly, helpful understanding between capiUil and labor. H.\.\N.\ the 
man was as busy in all matters touching these questions as H.\.VN.\ the 
Senator. He labored unceasingly, taking his official commission as a 
serious call to duty, and finding in the work Kfore him an inspiration to 
his best endeavors. 

Mr. H.^N.NA will rank as one of our remarkable men. He was 60 years 
of age when he became a commanding political (juantity. Up to that 
time, while he had l«en no stranger to politics— Iiearing as a good citizen 
his share in the local campaigns— he had in the main addressetl himself 
to private business interests which, Ixcause of their .si/e, had l>een e.\act- 
ing. Hut when the man whom he had lielpe.1 to make President called 
for his counsel here in olTice, he accepted office, au<l almost immcliately 
rose to fH)wer there. He prove.l to Ix- not only an excellent adviser, but 
a strong debater, holding his own in the Senate on questions of great diffi- 
culty with men sclnwled in disiussiou by a lifetime devoted to public 
slK-aking. 

The voice which had not hitherto lieen lifle<l exceiU at the council tal>lc 
of a business esUblishment was now heard in the Senate of the 1'nite.I 
Slates with resixct and admiration. He sjM.ke e.isily and effectively and 
as though born to tlie sjK-aker's )iurple. 

The relations which .Mr. Ha.nna In.re to .Mr. .McKiiiley were most afTec- 
tu.uate. He heliK-tl the statesman and love<l the man. Mr. MiKinUy's 
great success in office was dear lo his heart. 

.\s a meml)er of the cumniitlee of the Senate a]i]H)inled 
to acconip.in> tin uniainsof Senator H.\n\.\ lo their la.st 



Address of Air. CockrcII^ of Missouri 47 

resting place in his home cit\- of Cleveland, Ohio, I was 
present at the fnneral services. 

Although the weather was exceedingly inclement, the 
many thousands of the people from his home city and from 
many parts of his native State and from other States who 
were there assembled were the strongest possible testimo- 
nials to the great respect, warm friendship, and affection 
they cherished for him in all the relations of life. The last 
fnneral services were held in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, 
under charge of Bishop Leonard, who, among other things, 
said : 

We are gathered here to-day in this house of God for the last services of 
benediction over the body of our distinguished citizen, our kindly neigh- 
bor, and our beloved friend. The nation has honored him with its civic 
function at the capital of the United States; the Commonwealth of Ohio, 
by the hand of her governor, has received him back into her care and 
keeping; the city has stood silentl}- about his bier, reverencing his mem- 
ory and sorrowing at his departure. .\nd now the holy church would 
commit his body from whence it came and his soul unto the righteous 
Savior who redeemed it and who loved it with an infinite affection. It is 
not the time or place for extended eulogy and praise; such will be fith* 
spoken by those well equipped for such a privilege. But there are certain 
qualities and characteristics of this man so highly regarded by all cla.sses 
of people that ought assuredly to receive recognition in the midst of his 
friends and associates and at this solemn hour. 

The testimonies that have been given from many and varied sources 
blend together in a common strain and harmony as they speak of his high 
integrity, his inflexible and dauntless purpose, and his tender, true heart. 
Their composite resultant seems to portray with unmistakable outline and 
detail the features of his human service. Those who are assembled here 
need no inspiration for their love and estimation of this earnest, helpful 
life. We knew him well; we loved him well; we mourn for Iiim with 
undiminished sorrow because we shall see his face no more. But we may 
each of us go forth into the life God hath granted us with added enthu- 
siasm for our tasks and toils, since we have noted how worthily he did his 
duty for others, and we realize that the world he served is not unmindful 
of his greatness and goodness, nor ungrateful for what he strove after and 
for what he accomplished. 

And. first, the universal comment is on his integrity. This was a 



48 Life and Character of ATarciis A. Hanna 

keynote in his life. I recall a fine, ringinj; a<i<iress he made at Kenyon Col- 
lege last year when the degrees were Iwing conferred upon its graduating 
class. And the thought of his heart found expression in his eloquent 
words as he urged ujion those men the essential importance of a high and 
pure integrity. It is tliis word that he has carved deep upon the stone 
that marks his long and successful business career. He was not onlv 
honest, but he was fair and ju.st in all his dealings. He was respected bv 
everyone in his employ. 

Senator H.\xxa wa.s warm ami tciuier-licarted — devoted 
to lii.s friends and his friends were devoted to him — was 
generous and kind to his employees, and enjoyed their 
respect and friendsliip. I shall never forget the words 
spoken by him at a dinner given by liim in honor of Gen- 
eral Booth, of the Salvation Army, after General Booth 
had explained the organization and work of the Salvation 
Army throughout the world. He told how he had become 
interested in that work, and enlisted in aiding it, and the 
great good it was accomplishing in reaching and elevating 
a class and condition of people not reached by other denom- 
inations of Christians, and plainly manifesting his tender- 
ness of heart and his wann s\ini)atliy in behalf of those in 
lowly conditions in life. All tliese traits of his noble, gen- 
erous character were e.xhibited in his family relation.s. As 
a hii.sband he was faithful, devoted, and loving to his noble, 
good wife. As a father he was kind and affectionate to his 
two daughters and son. 

He achieved distinguished success in his Ijusiness, in his 
political aspirations, and in his career in iIk- Senate of the 
I'liited Statc^. W'l sliall mi.ss him in tliis Chamber, taken 
from us b\ iln ■.;rini iia])er Death in tin.- /(.uiih ..I" liis 
.ichievements and jKiwer. \Vc lament his death and lender 
to his bereft and sorrowing wife and children our heartfelt 
ciiudiil. nil nil] svmpathv. 



Address of Mr. Piatt ^ of Connecticut 49 



Address of Mr. Platt, of Connecticut 

Mr. President: It may with truth be said that when 
Marcus A. H.\nna died all the people mourned with a 
grief that was deep and unfeigned. Something in his life 
and character had endeared him to all classes. What that 
something was it is difficult to say, but we know that it is 
given to but few men in this world to inspire such respect 
and affection as did our deceased comrade 'and brother. 
His death saddened all. From one end of the nation to 
the other all felt the solemn hush which precedes impend- 
ing disaster. Then came long, wear^' days of waiting, with 
alternating hope and fear, and finally the great sorrow 
which makes a whole people one in the sense of common 
loss. 

The sun of life was clouded, and the whole air chill and 
drears'. It seemed as if the tie which bound his heart to 
every heart had been rudely sundered. While all shared 
the common grief, I think that nowhere outside of the circle 
of his domestic life was the mourning so deep as among his 
Senatorial associates. We had learned to admire him for 
his ability; to respect him for his strength; to wonder at 
his 2:reat influence; but more than that, each had come to 
love him as a friend. 

Others have spoken and will speak of his career; of his 
business and public life; of his statesmanship; of his success, 
and of his power; but I wish to-day only to speak of him as 

S. Doc. 321, 5S-2 4 



50 Life and Character of Manits A. Ilainta 

a friend, and to .sa\- iliat I cherish above earthly possessions 
tile remembrance of our friendship. 

Tile attachments of men one to another are inexplicable. 
How men are drawn to each other so that their lives seem 
to minjj^le and flow in one current is a mystery, but such 
friendships constitute the real pleasure and joy of life. I 
knew Senator H.x.n.na before he came to the .Senate, but 
only ;\s a casual acquaintance; I knew him as 1 had read of 
him, as a man in the public eye, who was doing the things 
he .set out to do, a forceful, powerful man. There was no 
special bond of synipatln- between us, and yet very soon a 
friendship .sprung up which I cherished more and more 
until the sad day when he left ii.s. I am sure that I came 
to know him inlinKilely. and that he came to know me 
thoroughly. \\'hatever this passion of friendship mav be, 
I knew that it existed between us, ^\'e did not al\va\s 
think alike or act together. Though owx lives frequenllv 
appeared to run in difTerent channels, I still felt for him, 
as I believe he did for me, a peculiar attachment. I felt 
that most grateful and .sati.sfying .i.s.surance that he was mv 
friend, and I strove to let him know that I was his friend. 
I found him to be genuine, sincere, loyal, and true-hearted; 
ijualilies which above all others go to make wy the best 
that man can ever hojx- to attain. 

He was genuine; 1 am sure nt> one ever tioubled that. 
He nc\er rang false or hollow; he never attempted to pass 
for that which he was not. He hated ])retension and sham 
and concealment. He was ont.siK)ken. What he .s;iid he 
meant, and what he meant he .s;iid. Hi- fiared no one. 
He courted no one for the .s;ike of advancement. 



-hMrcss of Mr. Piatt ^ of Connecticut 51 

He was sincere; the genuine man is always sincere. His 
bond needed no seal, and his word was as good as his bond. 
I think more than anyone I ever knew he "wore his heart 
upon his sleeve." He illustrated the stor)- of the old 
Athenian who is said to ha\'c built his house of glass, that 
all might look in and .see what he was doing. Nothing 
hurt him more than to have anj'one suppose that he had a 
motive that he was not willing to avow. Nothing woiuided 
him so much as that the shafts of calumny should be 
directed at him, and vet he was so sincere that such shafts 
never pierced his armor, but always fell harmless at his 
feet. 

His loyalty was something wonderful. With his friends, 
and no man had more friends, it carried him nearly to 
extremes. I often thought that he of all men was one who 
would be willing to die for his friends. Once he became 
convinced that one might be trusted as a friend there was 
nothing that he was not ready to do for that man. Neither 
personal exertion nor self-sacrifice would he spare in his 
behalf. Friendship has its burdens as well as its joys, and 
he took upon himself all of its burdens as easily and as 
heartily as he shared its joys. 

He was true hearted — no man was ever trtier to his con- 
victions or to his sympathies. He never deviated from the 
path in which his great heart impelled him to walk. He 
never turned back from the course which his judgment and 
conscience marked out for him. He was as tender as he was 
true — almost womanly in his tenderness. He was never so 
engrossed in the management of important affairs or the 
direction of great policies but that he was able and ready to 



52 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiina 

turn aside, that the poor, the siifferino^, and the unfortunate 
might know that he felt for them and was glad to help 
tliem. Children loved him, and knew by intuition that he 
loved them. I think the finest photograph which is pre- 
served and cherished by his friends is that in which he 
stands leaning on the railing of a boat with the boys of the 
water front gathered around him in an apparently mutual 
and pleasant companionship. 

Almost every generation produces one man who, abo\e all 
others, understands his fellow-men, and has for them such a 
human and brotherly feeling that all instinctively turn to 
him as their spokesman and leader. Such a man earns for 
himself the title of a "Great Commoner," and I know of 
no man in whom all the qualities of heart and mind and 
.soul which find expression in the.se words were more finely 
blended than in Mr. H.xnna. He was indeed a great com- 
moner. He recognized no class distinctions. The worthy 
and industrious poor were as welcome to his hand shake and 
his heart touch as the fortunate and the great. He looked 
uix)n all the people as one great family, in wliicli there 
should be no distinctions between high and low, rich and 
jxior, but in which the sen.se of brotherhootl and mutual 
dej)endence slKnild bind them together in a common fellow- 
shi]). I think tlial man comes nearest to the attainment of 
greatue.ss who sympathizes with and understands well the 
common ])eo]ile; wlio iie\er cea.ses, <ni tlie one hand, to 
strive ami toil fi)r lliem, or,' on the other, yields to their 
uiirea.sonal)le demands. 

There was nothing »if the demagogue about our friend. 
H< 111 \i r pretended an int-M vt in ilu- p.i.plr whicli he did 



Address of Mr. Platl, of Coiniccticut 53 

not truh- feel. He never sought to rise in the estimation 
of the people by any appeal to their prejudices or any pre- 
tense of sympathy which he did not actually feel. His 
political life was as far removed from that of the dema- 
gogue as the clearest sunlight is removed from darkness. 
He was a man of strong convictions, who lived and wore 
himself out in following his convictions. 

Neither philosophy nor even faith can whollv reconcile 
us to the loss of such a friend. We know that death is the 
common lot, but we are never ready for the coming of its 
angel. We know that the golden bowl must at some time 
be broken, yet our hearts must always break with it. The 
ties of human friendship are too strong to be sundered 
without a sense of loss and despair. 

We know that our friend lives on ; but we would see 
him, and speak with him, and feel the touch of his gen- 
erous and noble heart. We look about us to the seat in 
which he sat as if our eyes might rest upon him, only to 
find that he has gone froui us, and wf turn again with a 
fresh sense of sadness and personal grief. 

But this our friend lived well his life. It was not so 
brief but that it left its mark upon our times and made men 
better and stronger and nobler becau.se he lived. He died 
in the plenitude of his strength and power and usefulness. 
I believe, and I rejoice in believing, that the earth which 
covers up what is mortal in man never hides or covers his 
influence upon mankind ; that it is not the evil that men 
do, biit the good, that lives after them ; that this genera- 
tion, that all the generations to come, will be the better and 
stroneerfor the life which our comrade lived here and for 

o 



54 I^ifi (i"i^ Character of Marcus A. Ilanni 

that fjreat influence whicli, tlu)ni^h he has gone from our 
sitfht, will li\e on. 

So until we may rejoin him we must be content — not 
content merely, but thankful — for all that he broujjht into 
our lives, for what he accomplished for all lives. To-day 
we s])cak our farewells to our friend with the feeling that 
after all they are not real farewells, and that if he can not 
come to us we mav go to him, where the friendship only 
partially interrupted will be taken up again for eternity. 



Address of Mr. Citllom^ of Illi)iois 55 



Address of Mr. Cullom, of Illinois 

Mr. PRESipENT: In tlie few remarks I .shall make on 
this solemn occasion I find it difficnlt to determine what is 
most fitting- to sa\-. 

Evidences of monrning occnr .so freqnenth' in this 
Chamber that we can not forget that " in the midst of life 
we are in death." 

In the death of Senator H.\nna one of the most remark- 
able men of onr conntry has passed away. He had an 
extraordinary career, a career that challenged the admira- 
tion of the people, without regard to section or partisanship. 

Senator Hanna was never fully conscious of his own 
intellectual power or the strength of his personal influence. 

He was a Republican from the organization of the 
Republican party. As a man of affairs, he did not seek 
office, but did his whole duty by his country and his part\-. 
When his devoted friend, the late President McKinlc)-, 
became a candidate for the office of President of the United 
States, Senator H.\nn.\ became his champion and devoted 
himself, and all the energy and influence he possessed, to 
the work (which with him was a work of love) in securing 
President McKinley's nomination and election, and then 
his election the second time. When his friend, and the 
friend of us all, was taken away by the cruel hand of an 
assassin. Senator Hann.\ was greatly cru.shed, but his brave 



56 Life and Character of Marcus A. JIainia 

heart bade him go forward in the discharge of liis duties 
as a citizen and as a Senator. 

He became a member of the Senate on the 5th of March, 
1897. He at once took his place as a strong man. He had 
strong convictions and did not hesitate to avow and defend 
them, in the Senate or out of it. 

He was in fa\or of the Panama route for" the isthmian 
canal connecting the two great oceans in the interest of the 
commerce of the United States and the world. He was a 
powerful advocate of that route, as against the Nicaragua 
route, and it is not too much to say that success in the adop- 
tion of the Panama route was largely due to his efforts. 

Mr. Ha.\".\.\ was a true and positive man, and whatever 
he mulertook to do he did with great energy and power. 

In liis recent campaign for reelection to the Senate he 
attacked, without fear or fa\or. what lie regarded as falla- 
cies and injurious doctrines urged upon the people bv his 
opponents, and he came out of the campaign after winning 
a victory at the polls which ga\e him, as I am informed, 
the largest legislative niajorit\' ever gi\en to an\ man for 
the Senate in the hi.stor\' of the State of Ohio. 

Mr. President, no man in this country had such a hold 
tipon the affections of the people as M.\Rcr.s Alonzo 
II.WNA had at the time of his death. He was acquainted 
with the people in ail the walks of life. He was a great 
business man. He was familiar with mills and factories, 
mines and railrt)ads, and steamships, and with the men who 
conducted the business, and with the men who did the 
work. He syini)athi/cd w itb tin- \\:iv;i-<MnKr, and, as has 



Address of Mr. Cidloiii, of Illinois 57 

been stated here to-day, as an employer of labor he never 
had trouble with those who worked for him. 

Mr. President, it is not so nuich what a man says as it is 
what a man does in his connnunit>-, his State, or his coun- 
try in whatever honorable calling he may be engaged. The 
man who does the best for the welfare of the people is enti- 
tled to the most gratitude. 

Senator Hanna was a splendid example of industry, ' 
whether in the conduct of his great business enterprises, in 
political campaigns, or as a Senator in these legislative 
halls. We often hear men speak of the business man in 
politics. Senator H.\nna, in his brief service in the Sen- 
ate, demonstrated the very great advantage which his inti- 
mate knowledge of important business enterprises gave to 
him in dealing with qiiestions as a legislator. 

For the last few years of his life he labored assiduoush' 
to bring about better relations between capital and labor. 
He believed he could render service to his fellow-men and 
to his country by his efforts to bring managers and men of 
extensive industrial establishments into closer and more 
friendlv relations with each other. He was an employer of 
men, and his heart went out to the poor man. He worked 
to improve the poor man's condition, and at the same 
time to aid capitalists or proprietors by .securing harmony 
between employers and the employed. 

While Senator Hanna has gone from the Senate and 
from the world, he has left his impress upon the coiuitry as 
few men have done who have gone before. 

Mr. President, as I stand in this presence, speaking of 



58 Life and Character 0/ Marcus .1. Hauiia 

our departed friend, I am reminded of a lonor Hno of emi- 
nent statesmen, ^enerals, lawyers, and judges of ( )liio who 
have passed away and who, during my own recollection, 
made the pages of the history of our nation brilliant by the 
simple story of their great deeds. 

Ohio has given the nation three great Presidents in the 
persons of Hayes, Ciarfield, and McKinley. She has given 
tlie country many great Senators, notably Sherman, Thur- 
man, and Han'NA ; two Chief Justices and an Associate 
Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, in the 
persons of Chase, Waite, and Swayne ; brave generals, 
notably Siierman anil Slieridan. These are great names — 
names of noble men who did much to build uj) and do 
honor to their State and country. 

Mr. President, one of the early statesmen, William Wirt, 
in deli\ering an oration on the lives and characters of 
Thomas Jefferson and Jolm .\dams, both of whom died 
on the Fourth of July, 1826, said that they — 

Rested not until they luid accomplished tlieir work, when they were 
culled to tlieir reward, and they left the world haml in hand, exulting a.s 
they rose in the success of their lal>ors. 

Mr. President, the late President McKinle\ and the late 
Senator H.\NN\, to llie latter of whose memor\ we pa\' 
tril)ute to-<lay, two great .\mericans, de\oted to tlieir 
countrv- and devoted to each other, did not lea\e the world 
hand in haml when their work was finished, but the one 
followed the other after a little while, and doubtless they 
are again together where trouble never comes and where 
there will l)e no more ])arting forever. 



Address of Mr. Blackburn^ of Ketitucky 59 



Address of Mr. Blackburn, of KENTuav 

Mr. President- It is not in studied terms of eulogy, but 
rather from the standpoint of a political opponent, though 
a personal friend, that I would speak of Senator Haxx.\. 
In the few moments that I will ask the attention of the 
Senate I will speak of him as I knew him. I have noth- 
ing prepared to say to-da)', nor do I care to have. 

There were some characteristics developed by this dead 
Senator that, in my judgment, not only marked him as an 
extraordinary man, but proved conclusively, to m)- mind, 
that he was a man of sufficient power and force to have 
made and left his impress upon any Senate that this coun- 
try has ever known. The severest crucial test that can be 
applied to a man's greatness is to adopt the standard of 
achievement, and, measured by this rule, the friends of Sen- 
ator Hanxa may safeh* challenge comparison. 

The public knew him as a public man for a half dozen 
years only, and I very much dotibt if we can find in all the 
annals of our country's history a man who in that short 
space of time did more to leave an indelible impression 
tipon his countrymen. His advent into public life was not 
fortuitous. Without experience, without the advantages of 
academic or liberal education, without identification with 
any deliberative body, after a life spent until he had reached 
his third-score milestone in the activities of business and 



6o Life and Character of Marais A. Hanna 

commercial A-enture, he came for the first time into public 
notice as a member of this great Chamber. 

Without the advantage of professional discipline, he 
found himself here, at the ver\- starting point of a mars-el- 
ously successful though short political career, to be meas- 
ured b\- eight\-nine men who had been selected from 
80,000,000 of people because of their ;ussumed fitness for 
the great work upon which he entered. Here he took his 
initiation, pitted against eighty-nine old gladiators of debate, 
and he who is willing to do justice to this man's fame must 
admit that from his entrance here until his death, upon all 
questions, political or commercial, he maintained his place 
in the \ery front rank of the strongest debaters in the 
Senate. Xo ordinary man could have done tliat. 

But more; when he came into public life he did not 
come heralded as we would choose to be, but quite the 
contrary. The public had been taught to regard him as a 
man whose methods were not to be admired. We believed, 
save those who knew him intimately — and I sjx-ak without 
regard to political party division — the .\merican public 
belie\ed that he was nothing more tlian a .shrewd, effective 
manager of campaign ]X)litics. They believed that his 
methods were not commendable. The\' belie\ed that he 
had but one idea in the waging of his life's work, and that 
was gro\uided upon an unfailing faith in the power of 
money. This was the general estimate placed upon this 
man when lie l)ursl upon the public \iew. 

I frankly avow, Mr. President, that to ukmi." tlian an aver- 
age degree I shared the i)rejudice that was held against 
him. That jirejudice uikhi a closer acquaintance and a 



Address of Mr. Blackburn, of Kentucky 6i 

better opportunity to measure the man disappeared utterly. 
That judgment was reversed. Its falsity and error I openly 
avow, and in lien of that prejudice of feelino- was substi- 
tuted the broadest gauge of measurement for his abilit}- and 
the sincerest personal sense of friendship and affection. 

He did more, ]\Ir. President. From his ver\' entrance 
into public life he was recognized as the one public man in 
this country who, probably to a greater extent than any 
other, commanded the confidence of what is termed the 
"mone^■ed interests" of our people. He was placarded as 
the spokesman of the trusts, the trusted apostle of the com- 
binations, and singularly enough, he held the confidence of 
that element of our people to his death. It was never im- 
paired or abated, whilst he built up for himself an equally 
potent place in the affections and confidence of the laboring 
masses of our people. 

It is not more than just to say of him that at the end of 
his six or seven years of public service he held in greater 
measure than any living American statesmen the confi- 
dence of all classes. 

It is true he never reached what is regarded as the high- 
est office within the gift of the American people, but he did 
more to illustrate his power. If he did not wear a crown, 
he put it upon the head for which he destined it. He 
proved himself the Warwick of American politics, and this 
meed of praise can not be fairh- or truthfully denied him. 

I got to know him well, and the better I knew him and 
the closer I came to him the more implicitly I trusted him, 
the more I admired him, and the more tenderly I felt for 
him. 



62 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiuia 

It has been tnih' and eloquently said by Senators who 
have preceded tnc tluit he was an open-hearted, honest, can- 
did man. More than once I have had occasion to go to him 
to know what his course would be upon a g-iven mjjtter 
pending before this body. He never refused to answer, 
and when he answered it was never b\- e\asion. Whether 
friend or foe, you always knew where he would .stand upon 
any disputed question. His faith once plighted was never 
violated. His word once given was never broken. Loyal 
in his friendships, true to his convictions, he commanded 
in .fullest measure the rc^spect and admiration even of his 
opponents. 

I know no higher tribute to pay a departed friend, loyal 
in ever\ relation of life. Ik- nt\er measured consequences 
nor considered sacrifices when he deemed himself called 
upon to stand by his friends. 

It is true his public life was short, but point me, if you 
can, to any man in all the list of honored names that have 
preceded us who in si.x short years acconipli.shed more than 
this dead Senator. Kasily, concededly the strongest man 
of his party, and that party dominating and .shaping the 
policies and destinies of this great country, his record, in my 
juilgment, stands without compari.son. 

.\nd yet, Mr. President, the time of his taking off was not 
unfortunate. Looking at it with a \ iew to ilu- i>reser\-ation 
of his fauiL-, llie stroke could not have come at a more for- 
tunate or o])])orlune moment. .\ge had not impaired his 
]>owers. Time had not blunted his lo\'e of friends and 
fame and power. He died in the fullness of these envied 
]H>s.se.ssions, and may we not conchule that it was fortunate, 



Address of Air. Blackburn, of Kentucky 63 

viewed from this standpoint, that he died when he did? 
What more conld he have accomplished to have demon- 
strated his capacity, his character, or the strong points of 
his personality' that commended him to his conntrymen? 
He is to be envied in that he did not li\'e too lon<:^, for — 

When 'tis given us to choose the time, if we choose aright, 
'Tis best to die our honor at its height. 



64 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 



Address of Mr. Elkins. of West Virginia 

Mk. Prksiuknt: Tht rise of the late Senator Hanna to 
political jKnver and his advancement to the front rank of 
statesmen are nniqne in the histon,- of American politics. 
From his boyhood nntil 1S95 he devoted himself almost 
exclusivelv to bnsiness, and became widely and fa\orably 
known both in his native State and throngh the East in 
business circles. As the result of his industry, abilit\', 
honorable dealinj.; with men, and genius for organization 
he was successful from the beginning and accumulated a 
large fortune. 

During this period Mr. Manna gave but little attention 
to ptiblic affairs, was not known to the countn,- as a poli- 
tician and not widel\' known as such in his own State. 
In the \ear 1 Sy6 he began to attract public attention In- 
his vigor(jus advocacy of the nomination of his beloved 
friend, the late President McKinley, for the Chief Magi.s- 
tracy of the nation. Watching political events with a 
keen interest, interpreting accurately the situation, and 
with an ardent tle\olion to the fortunes of Mr. McKinley, 
he decided that the time had come for tlie Republican 
parl\- to stand not only for the jirotectiNe tariff, but un- 
c(|uivocally for .s»)und money, and that Mr. McKinley 
should l)e its standard bearer. Without consulting Repub- 
lican leaders, and often witliout their advice or approval, 
he moved boldly forward in the work of organization to 



Address of Mr. E/ki)is, of West r/roii/ia 65 

carry out his well-foruicd jjiirposes. He toiled witli his 
whole heart to perform the task he had taken in hand. He 
addressed himself to his nndertakino- on the same lines that 
had brono;ht him abundant success in his business career. 
His sound jud^^nient, his knowledge of men, his confidence 
in the tact, commandino; ability, and conservatism of Wil- 
liam McKinley, made him feel that he was right and what 
he proposed was in the interest of his part\- and the 
country. 

At first part}- leaders gave little heed to the doings of 
Mr. Hanna and to the plans he had made for the leader- 
ship and policy of the Republican party. They felt that 
he was an unknown quantit>-, too new to politics, too lack- 
ing in experience for such an undertaking, and that it was 
the audacit)' of the novice in public affairs for liim to break 
awa)' from the traditions of party management and refuse 
to be governed by the advice of the tried leaders who 
had for years controlled the party policy and its national 
conventions. 

It was not long before the results of this new force n\ 
politics began to be felt throughout the country. Old 
leaders looked on with surprise and sometimes with amaze- 
ment. Meantime the tide for McKinley, under the guid- 
ance of Haxxa's .splendid powers of leadershij^, rose higher 
and higher. Here and there sporadic attempts were made 
to present the claims of other Republican statesmen for 
nomination at St. Louis, but all to no purpose; and long 
before the convention assembled it was known that Mr. 
McKinley was the choice of the people and would be 
nominated without opposition. 
S. Doc. 321, 58-2 5 



66 Life and Character of Marais A. Hatnia 

It is not necessary to mention here e\'en the leading 
features of President McKinley's wise administration and 
the magic results that followed in the business world. The 
people soon realized what Mr. H.\xxA knew long before — 
that Mr. McKinley was not only a good, pure, and just 
man, Iml lliat he was a leader who could lead and a 
statesman who could be trusted to care for the .state. It 
followed, "as the day the night," that Mr. McKiulev made 
a great Pre.sident, and tliat, with almost unanimous con- 
.sent, his name is clas.sed in our history with the names of 
Wa.shington, Lincoln, and (irant. 

The claims of Mr. McKinle\- — becau.se of his successful 
administration, his fairness to all interests, his stateman- 
like treatment of new and grave questions of serious con- 
cern, not onh- to this country but to the nations of the 
world, many of them a.s difficult as ever came to any of his 
predecessors — were fidly recognized b\ ilie people, and his 
second nomination and election l)ecame a foregone conclu- 
sion. During all this time Mr. IIa.nn.x was the clo.se 
adviser of the Pre.sident, bearing him.self in the bosition of 
recognized influence with the modesty of con.scious power. 
He remained at the head of the national committee, con- 
ducted tliL- Presidential camjjaign, and witnessed for the 
second lime the inauguration of his friend, crowned witli 
tile benedictions of a prosperous and hapj)\- people — per- 
iiaps till.- most b(.-]o\ed President who had e\er taken the 
oalli of ollice. 

I'or more than forlv \ears Mr. Hanna was an emiilo\er 
of labor. He understiMKl the wage-earner. He knew how 
to symi)alhi/.e with liini. Later in life, when his fame 



Address of Mr. El kins, of ll'csl I'irgiitia 67 

filled the country and he was blessed with large wealth, 
his heart went out to the wage-earners in their struggles to 
better their condition. His sympathies were so aroused 
and his conscience so worked upon that he firmly resolved 
to give the remaining years of his life toward helping to 
bridge the gulf that divides labor and capital. He openh' 
and frequently declared that he would rather help reconcile 
diiTerences between employer and employee and bring an 
end to useless strikes than to be President. Emplo\-er and 
employee looked upon him as their truest friend ; and this 
confidence from these opposing forces, the strongest in our 
civilization, was one of the chief grounds if not the fore- 
most reason for the unequaled confidence bestowed upon 
him bv his covintrymen. Such confidence and such success 
are not accidental, but the reward of merit. 

Mr. Hanna was not a trained politician nor an expe- 
rienced statesman. He entered upon his career in politics 
and statesmanship too late in life to be either. Yet he 
rose to be the recognized leader of his party and took high 
rank as a statesman. He did not toil as others through 
long and arduous \-ears to reach his commanding jjosition; 
he advanced, the people welcomed him with their confi- 
dence, and the leaders gave wa\- and made place for him. 
It is as impossible as it would be useless to try to reason or 
speculate how all this came about, and how Mr. Hanna 
reached his high position in .so short a time and apparently 
with so little effort. It could be seen at once that he was 
a man of ability, purit>-, integrity, and high courage. 
These virtues are often assembled in others but have not 
always vielded the success they brought to Mr. Hanna. 



68 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

During President McKinle\'s first administration Mr. 
Hanna was elected to tlie Senate, and continued a member 
of this body until his untimely death, which brought tears 
to his friends, grief to his colleagues, and sorrow to the 
people. From the time when he first took part in national 
politics, at the age of 58, until his death covers a period of 
le.ss than nine years. In this brief period he became, ne.xt 
to the President himself, the dominating force in public 
affairs, and after the death of his lamented friend unques- 
tionabh' the most ]3(5pular man in our busine.ss and national 
life. 

In his dail\- life, though burdened with business cares and 
public duties, Mr. H.v.nna went about doing good. He gave 
the best that was in him to all his undertakings. He was 
.sought out and consulted by people of all conditions, from 
the miner digging in the mine to the President of the great 
Republic, and gave alike to all the benefit of his aid and 
judgment. Measured by the truest standards — 

He ;itlaiiK-il 

To the full stature and maturity 

Of simple greatness. 

He w;us kind, generous, uu.selfish, with a heart fidl of 
sympathy for humanity. IK- 1r1]K(1 the weak and lowl\- in 
their efforts lo be strong, and the strong to l)i- firm in good 
things and high jMirposes. He luis left a name that "binds 
to luinor and virtue;" an e.xamjile that will be an insjiira- 
tion to young men " far on in siuuniers we .shall not .see." 

He gained jniwer and confidence nnaidetl b\- high office. 
He was uol the ruler of a kingdom nor of a re]iublic, but he 
was a ruler in the uiimK and liearls of men. The soul at 



Address of Mr. Elkins, of II es^ J 'irgiiiia 69 

last, with its mystic unkiiown powers, is the g-reatest force 
we know. 

Great truths are portions of tlie soul of man; 
Great souls are portions of eternity. 

Mr. Haxna may not have known it, but he convinced 
the minds of men, and conquered through the workings of 
a great soul, glimpses of which were had through his kindly, 
loving eyes, true eyes, that, with his genial smile, disarmed 
opposition and invited confidence. 

Like most great men, he was simple, unselfish, and with- 
out affectation. vSimplicity belongs to greatness. 

He was — 

Rich in saving common sense, 
And, as the greatest only are, 
In his simplicity sublime. 

The lesson is tatight us more and more every da^■ that 
in the life of nations a people's chief reliance for secttritv 
and progress is on their strong and godlike men. 

The passing of such a man gives us pause, and we won- 
der whv his going was so soon. His death brings tis again 
face to face with the great ultimate mystery — the nn-stery 
which in the minds of men is being slowh' soh-ed ; for, 
added to the light of the old revelation, light is still stntg- 
elino: in from the new revelations we are con.stantlv receiv- 
ing through the poets — the seers and prophets of the ages ; 
and the truth is more distinctly dawning that death is the 
beginning of the real life, the life that lasts, "the change 
that never changes." 

Our day of dying is our day of birth. 

Franklin, taken all in all, our greatest American, says: 

We are spirits — man is not completely born until he dies. 



70 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ilainia 

The great poet and seer, Tennyson, writing to Britain's 
peerless Queen, said : 

The (lead, though silent, are more liviiij; than the living. 

It is a solace to believe that our indi\-iduality continues 
and that — 

Death is the chilliness that precedes the dawn; 

We shudder for a moment, then awake 
In the bright sunshine of the other life. 

The life of our dear friend and colleague has changed, 
not ended. It will go on in another place and with another 
body. His soul has pas.sed " into the hou.se not made with 
hands, eternal in the heavens," into the all-pervading ether 
which fills the space between stars and suns, tlie home of 
spirits, with spiritual bodies, where revolving worlds bring 
no darkness, and where there is eternal light. He now sees 
with a clear vision. It has been given to him to understand 
all things, and for him all problems are .solved. 

l-"or tlio' the giant ages heave the hill 

An<l break the shore, and evermore 

Make anil break, anil work their will; 

Though worhl on worM in myriad myriails roll 

Round us, each with different powers. 

Anil other forms of life than ours, 

What know we greater than the soul? 

On Goil and goiUike men we build our trust. 



Address of Mr. Fairbanks^ of Indiana 71 



Address of Mr. Fairbanks, or Indiana 

Mr. President: Again Death has entered thi.s exalted 
Chamber and laid his hand npon a friend. With reverent 
and heavy hearts we come to place upon the enduring 
records of the Senate our estimate of the life and work of 
our late colleague whom we lo\-ed and honored. 

We are sharply reminded by what has transpired that the 
world is filled with tragedies, and that the profoundest 
among us can see but a little way into the future. When 
the pre.sent session of Congress began our friend was in 
buoyant spirits. He looked forward with happy anticipa- 
tion to the accomplishment of many beneficent things for 
his fellow-men and for the Government. But a few weeks 
aeo he returned from the great and loval State which im- 
plicitlv trusted him, bearing her credentials for an addi- 
tional term in the United .States Senate. His party had 
honored him with a more generous indorsement than ever 
she had given any of his. illustrious predecessors. 

It seems but yesterday that his voice filled this Chamber 
in advocacv of measures for the public welfare. The echo 
has scarcely died away. It .seems but yesterday that we 
met and greeted him, radiant with hope and full of good 
cheer. We can scarceh' believe that we shall not meet and 
greet him on the morro\\'. 

Marcus A. Hann.a. was one of the foremost Americans; 
one of the most eminent members of this great forum. He 



72 Life and Character of Marcus A. I fauna 

achieved place and power thronjrh no mere caprice of acci- 
dent. He forged his way to the point of vantage occupied 
when lie laid down his great responsibilities by the strength 
of his own genius and b\- virtue of arduous deeds done. 

He was born September 27, 1837, in New Lisbon, Colum- 
biana Count) , ( )hio. His father's family were members of 
the Society of Friends and his mother was a Presbyterian. 
It was in this wholesome atmosphere he was reared. When 
he was of the age of 15 his father moved to Clexeland, 
where the .son graduated from the high school, and then 
attended the Western Reserve College for a brief period. 
He then entered the great business world, a university with 
a \ast and exacting curriculum. He was well equipped 
and admirably fitted for the contest. 

He had good e.vecutive ability, the initiative facultv, 
pluck, energy, the ability to attach men to him as with 
hoops of steel, and absolute, incorruptible integrity. Great 
enterpri.ses sprang into being under his hand, and in due 
lime he became one of the great masters of industrv. In- 
creasing material power did not make him careless of his 
fellow-men nor indifferent to the cultivation of those finer 
(|ualilies which are the evidences of the best ci\ilization. 

While he alwa\s took more or less part in political 
affairs, he did not become particularly iiromineni until 1896, 
when he directed the campaign for the nomination of \\'il- 
liam McKinley for the I'residency, and when, later, he 
became chairman of the Republican national committee. 
The campaign, in which he displayed splendid abilities of 
leadershi]>, was one of the most niemoral)le in .Vmerican 



Address of Mr. Fairhanks, of Indiana 73 

histon", and he emerged from it with a national prestige 
well established. 

He was preeminent as a political organizer. He firmly 
grasped general principles and mastered essential details 
He selected political lieutenants who were capable of exe- 
cuting his plans with loyalty and success. He employed 
those qualities in political management which had made 
him a commanding figure in the world of btisiness, and 
which would have made him a successful general if he had 
chosen the profession of arms. 

He successfully led the forces of the Republican party 
through two national campaigns. In each contest he 
di.spla\'ed a generalship which commanded universal 
admiration. He organized with consummate skill the ele- 
ments with which to achieve \'ictory. He conducted a 
school of education upon a liroader .scale than ever 
before attempted, for he believed, and wi.seh', that our 
political safety rests upon an educated, intelligent, public 
sentiment. 

It was fitting indeed that when President ]\IcKinley 
entered the White House Senator Hanna should enter the 
Senate. Here was a new theater for the display of his 
genius. He was unaccustomed to the official environment 
of the national capital. He had the most profound 
respect for the dignity and traditions of the Senate and a 
high regard for the distinguished statesmen with whom he 
was to fellowship. He did not attempt to assert leader- 
ship. He was willing to sit at the feet of his elders until 
the i.ssues and the occasion commanded him to speak. He 



74 I-ifi' a»<^ Character of Marcus A. I laiiiia 

soon won, and held unimpaired to the end, tlie respect and 
confidence of his associates. 

He attempted no personal aggrandizement at the expense 
of others. He sought to adxance good measures in order 
that he might in some degree promote the best interests of 
his countrymen. 

WIru he came to the Senate we were met with grave 
questions growing out of affairs in Cuba. Through all the 
days of an.xiety, so familiar tn man\- who are now present. 
Senator H.\nx.\ was a modest and safe counselor. 

There was no exigenc\- which he did not meet delib- 
erately and wisely. He was a diligent and apt student of 
the great questions which engaged the attention of the 
Senate. He took a rational \iew of them and invariablv 
arrived at conclusions which were entirely .sound, and when 
the time for action came he met the i.ssues .square! \- and 
without evasion. 

He was not an orator according to the more critical or 
generalh accepted standards. He cared little for the mere 
elegancies of speech. He was not a rhetorician, \et lie was 
a .speaker of unconnuon power. His .s|jeeches were not 
carefully wrought out in advance. They were fa.shioned 
as he uttered them. He mastered the subjects to be 
discu.s.sed, and in plain and forceful language sjxike to the 
hearts and consciences of liis countrymen. He was one of 
llii- most ]«)])ular speakers of the day. His services were 
in urgent demand everywhere, and he addressed va.st 
nuiltiludes who heard him with sympathetic attention. 

He seldom s]H>ke in the Senate, b\U al\va\s with niani- 
tesl effect. His nmsl notable speeches were made in support 



Address of Mr. Fairbanks, of Indiana 75 

of a measure to build a uierchaut niariue and in advocacy 
of the Panama Canal. He strongly favored a Government 
subsidy as the most certain and direct means of securing 
our rightful place among the carrying nations upon the 
high seas. He appreciated the natural prejudice in the 
minds of many people against the grant of a subsid\-, but 
he thoroughly believed in the benefits to accrue to the 
country by the creation of an adequate merchant marine, 
and he was willing to stand against the prejudice of the 
moment, believing that the people would ultimateh- \ield 
their approval. 

He carefully studied and mastered the entire subject of 
an isthmian canal, in which the people had long been inter- 
ested. Man)' had come to favor the Nicaragua route. 
Perhaps a majority of the American people preferred it. 
But the investigation led him to the conclusion that the 
Panama route should be chosen, and he advocated it with 
such force as to contribute largeh- to reverse the popular 
verdict and secure its adoption. His .speech was a most 
powerful presentation. It drew tremendously upon his vital 
forces. 

Yonder he stood for hours, speaking with great energv 
and with orderh' arrangement and lucidity of utterance, 
■which commanded the utmost admiration of the entire Sen- 
ate. Wearied at times, he would resume his chair and 
speak from it. It was a notable and, indeed, a pathetic 
effort. He opposed able and resourceful antagonists, and in 
the .sharp encounters, which were frequent, he demonstrated 
the fact that he was a debater of no ordinary ability. 

His life had been spent in the business world, far 



j6 Life and Cluxractcr of Mnrciis .1. I fninia 

reiiioNcd from tlie forensic arena; yet when a j^reat issue 
pended in lliis fonun he met the ablest debaters upon a 
jjlane of absolute equality. He spoke with fluency and 
from a fullness of his subject. He comprehended it in its 
historical, .scientific, and practical aspects, and he carried 
conviction with him. 

He was one of the founders and chairman of the National 
Civic Federation, an or^ranization desij^ned to promote a 
better nnderstandinjr and to maintain peace between capi- 
tal and labor. He was particularly well fitted for this 
work, which wa.s in the best sense a labor of love. He 
had lonjj been a larg-e eniplo\er of men, with whom he 
niaintained jjood terms, and he had relations with \:Lst cap- 
ital. He pos.sessed the confidence of both <^eat interests in 
an unusual degree. The (iolden Rule was ilie fundamen- 
tal ctnle of his i)rocednrc. 

Althoujrh .severely ta.xed l)y the e.xactini,^ demands of the 
Senate and jxirty leadershiji, he ijave much thouj^ht and 
lime to tile work of tlie Federation. Manx differences 
were compo.sed by it, larj^ely tlirou;.;]! his influence, before 
the\' had reached the breaking;; point. lie lixed to .see the 
creation of the orj^anization amply justified. 

He re).jarded this .service as of the utmost importance 
and li>oked forward to the establi.shmeiU of better relations 
between laluir aiul cajiital thron<.;]i the instrunieiitalitv of 
tile l-"ederalion with confidence and ])leasnre. He fre- 
(|Uentl\ s;iid that if he were o])lij.jed to retire from either 
the Senate or tile Federation, he would feel it his dut\- 
to retire from tlie former, as mu'h ^- lu \alued his .seat 
here. 



AtMrtss of Mr. Fairbanks, of Indiana 77 

The .systematic work of education — 

Said lie — 

was begun during the last five years by the Civic Federation. I took 
some time to consider the work of the Federation, and am firmlv con- 
vinced that it is the object to which I desire to consecrate the remaining 
years of my life. I fully appreciate that it is a long struggle, but the 
progress already made under the motto of the Civic Federation— the 
Golden Rule— has surpassed even my most sanguine expectations, and I 
am sure that the American people will sustain a policv based upon the 
highest moral and social impulse. 

He was frank and out.spokeii in hi.s vie\v.s of the correla- 
tive riglit.s of labor and capital. 

Fairness and justice — 

He declared — 

will never agree to the confiscation of the products of one man's toil in 
order to insure comfort to the idle and worthless. The old law of com- 
pensation is operative now as ever. No "ism" is wanted by the American 
people that will take from any citizen the just and equitable reward for 
his labor. 

• Senator Hanna wa.s a man of practical mind. He did 
not dwell in an atmosphere of purely speculative philos- 
ophy, but among the serious realities of life. He possessed 
in full degree the power of great initiative. He organized 
and set on foot vast enterprises which required large capital 
and gave emploxinent to thousands of workingmen. He 
was essentially a creator; never a destroyer. He opened 
the door of opportunity to others and thus became a bene- 
factor. He was a man of innate modesty and never 
indulged in the merely spectacular. He coveted the respect 
and confidence of his fellow-men, not for self.sh purposes, 
but that he might the better serve them. 

He possessed a keenly sensitive nature. He was deeply 
touched b\- the criticism of his political ()]iponents, which 



78 Life and Character of Marcus A. Jlnruia 

for a time was so sharp and unjust. That criticism which 
songht to undermine the confidence in him of liis conntry- 
men and to impeach liis broad humanitarian sympathies 
and purposes left a sting. He cared nothing for the criti- 
cism of his political views. He held to them tenaciously 
and conscientiously, with confidence in the ultimate sober 
judgment of the people. 

He was a plain, l)lnnt man. He was always perfectly 
natural. He did not pretend to be what the Creator did 
not intend him to be. He was no mere time.server. He 
did not bend to every wind that blew. He was an honest 
man — honest in thought, in purpo.se, and in deed ; honest 
with the world and honest with himself. He possessed in 
a remarkable degree the "genius of common sense." He 
wa.s resourceful, and had at instant command all of his 
faculties. 

He was tenacious of his opinions, though not dogmatic- 
He wa.s ready to yield to a better rea.son when it was made 
manifest. He sought no compromi.se with expediency. 
What was right was right, and what was wrong was wrong. 
He occujjied no middle ground. He was courageous and a 
total stranger to the arts of the demagogue. 
. He was a man of most attractive personalit\. He had 
warm and generous impulses and drew his friends close to 
him. He most delighted in their comiunionship. He had 
a keen .sen.se of humor, a "gentle wil." and he wa.s alwavs 
a fascinating conversjuionalisl. His friendships were fast, 
and he sIo(k1 by those who dwelt within his confidence 
through gocKl and evil re]>ini N'n ■ vigency could alienate 



Address of Mr. Fairbanks, of Indiana 79 

his support, for the severer the storm the deeper sank the 
roots of his affection. 

He was the trusted friend of the late President McKinley 
throughout liis ilhistrious political career. He possessed 
his unbounded confidence, a confidence which he repaid 
with unfailing loyalty and unmeasured devotion. 

His name was frequently mentioned, and with entire 
respect, for still further official honors than those he 
enjoyed here. The suggestion needed but the encourage- 
ment of his assent to make it a formidable reality, but he 
was content with the great distinction of a seat in this 
Chamber and discouraged all effort to make him a candi- 
date for the most exalted place in the Government. 

His career admirably illustrates the great possibilities 
that lie before the American }-outh. He became a power 
in widely separated fields of endeavor. To have achieved 
distinction in either was honor enough for one man. His 
early life as the successful man of business gave no prom- 
ise of the eminence he was destined to achieve in the world 
of politics and statesmanship. He did not become a stu- 
dent of statecraft until after he had passed life's meridian. 
He proved to be a quick student of those great problems 
which concerned the State. 

He was a man of indefatigable industry. He believed 
in the virtue of labor. He wrought on with no thought 
of self. His friends ob.served the serious inroads he was 
making upon his health and sought to dissuade him from 
overtaxing his strength, but he disregarded their kindly 
admonitions and labored on until he fell at his post of 



8o Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

duty — a virtual sacrifice to his couiUr\- and his country- 
men. Xo soldier ever died upon the field of glon- more 
surely for others than did he. 

Senator H.\nna and I were friends before coming here, 
and m)- entire public serxice to the hour of his death was 
in fellowship with him. One of the choicest memories I 
shall take into private life is the memory of his confidence 
and unvaryinuf friendship. 

I visited him a number of times after he entered the sick 
chamber with an illness supposed to be but temporary. He 
was loath to ^jive up his intercourse with his friends. He 
loved them and he loved the world. He had not gathered 
his ]iar\est. He had no time to take account of death. 

For many long and anxious days his couiitr\inen awaited 
tidings of his illness. In the alternations of hope and fear 
we watched and reverently invoked the All-Merciful One 
to spare our friend to us and to his country. But his hour 
had come, and tenderly we laid him away by the lakeside 
which he .so nnich loved and where he sleeps well. 

Hra\-e spirit, an affectionate farewell ! We lake up the 
burdens you left us and press on, and in goo<l time, in Ciod's 
])rovidence, we shall leave them to others. This historic 
Chamber hits its entrances and its e.vit.s, through which the 
stately proce.ssion comes and goes. We shall each, in his 
turn, seek an txit. 

(io<Kl friend 1 Wc shall fore\er cherish as a pricele.s.s 
heritage the memor\' of your nobility of character and your 
ser\'ices and sacrifices for the State. 



Address of Mr. Daniel^ of I 'irginia 8i 



Address of Mr. Daniel, of Virginia 

Mr. President: Marcus Alonzo Haxxa, junior Sena- 
tor from Ohio, died in tliis city on the 15th day of Febrnarv 
last, in the sixty-seventh \-ear of his age. With the single 
exception of the President of the United States, he was at 
the time of his death the most conspicuous and the most 
influential of the public men in the service of the countr\-. 
In addition to his official position as a Senator from Ohio, 
he was then chairman of the national Republican organi- 
zation. Occupying those two great positions at a period 
when the part}- to which he belonged held the reins of power 
in all departments of the Government, and attributing its 
triumph in large measure to him, he naturalh- and justh' 
wielded a mighty power, and was " the observed of all 
observers." 

But beyond this, Mark Hanna, to call him by his popu- 
lar designation, possessed a personality and had led a career 
apart from political station that gave him much signifi- 
cance. Trained to business from boyhood, he had risen to 
high place in the commercial world. "He that is diligent 
in his business shall stand before kings," was said of old. 
In our modern American life so \ast are the concerns of 
business that he who is diligent in his business is in power 
a king, and is often the maker of those who wield the pow- 
ers of government. He had himself established a great 
S. Doc. 321, 58-2 6 



82 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

business house and was either the inunediate employer or 
interested in the employment of many thousand workmen. 
He had been brou{);^ht in contact with and had won the con- 
fidence of the leadiufj; spirits of finance, transportation, and 
trade. He had established a reputation as a man of ability-, 
fair dealinj^, enterprise, and sound judgment. He had won 
a g;rcat fortune throuji;h years of patient toil. He was, when 
he stepj^ed into the arena in 1896, recognized as a represent- 
ative man of the large business interests of the country. 
He was also the immediate friend and right-hand man of 
William McKinley, who, through years of political experi- 
ence, had now become the star of hope and Presidential 
candidate of his party. 

It was llien lliat Mr. H.\nn.\ became the chairman of tlie 
Re])ublicans, and it was under tlie most fa\orable circum- 
stances and conditions for the appearance of a strong man 
in that position, for a political crisis was at hand. Up to 
this period both political parties had coquetted with the 
money question, and both of them were more or le.ss di\ided 
in opinion respecting it. For the first time tlie Republicans 
proclaimed themsehes e.\plicitl\' for the single gold stand- 
ard, and with equal e.xplicitne.ss the Democracy declared 
for the old-fashioned, long-accustomed, and age-honored 
bimetallic silver and gold standard money of the jieople 
from the days of \V;ishington. Had the contest stood on 
this issue alone we should have had a battle worth)- of tl-.e 
time " when knightluKKl was in flower." The single-stamlard 
|)eople have said one thing and stoixl for it. 

The Democratic ad\ocales of bimetallism would have said 
one thing — silver and gold ;ls standard monev. and stood for 



Addi^ess of Mr. Daniel, of I 'irc;iiiia 83 

that alone. " Under which king, Bezonian? vSpeak, or die." 
But this was not the presentation of that campaign. The 
Democrats added other things, some of them new things, 
to their platform. Whatever were their intrinsic merits, 
which I shall not discnss, tlie\- led to immediate assatilts 
npon side issues, obscuring in some measure the main issue. 
It is probably in some measure due to this fact that the 
result of the campaign was not regarded as completely 
decisive of the question, and that it was to a degree revived 
in another Presidential election, in turn obscuring and handi- 
capping the then greater i.ssue in\-olved in the annexation 
of distant lands and peoples. 

The people are themselves the arbiters of public ques- 
tions. When by their voice William McKinley was 
elected President, with Mark Hanna as the practical 
manager of the campaign, the latter had leaped upon the 
springboard of success to greater importance as a politi- 
cal factor than an\- man had hitherto done in the history 
of this Republic at a single bound. Upon the inaugura- 
tion of the President-elect, John Sherman, then in the 
Senate, became Secretary of State, and on the day there- 
after, March 5, 1897, Mr. H.\nn.a, b\- appointment of the 
go\'ernor of Dhio, entered the Senate of the United 
States, his colleague, the Hon. J. B. For.aker, having 
been sworn in upon the previous day. He was now in 
the sixtieth year of his age. Oliver Cromwell at the 
age of 43 became a soldier, and as captain in the parlia- 
mentary arm)- rose to be a great general and the dictator 
of a nation. Mohannned at the age of 42 had a vision 
in which he was saluted as " the Prophet of (lod," and 



8 } FJJc and Character of Marnts A. /fauna 

Secaiiie the founder of a creed whose adherents yet num- 
ber many millions. 

Chaucer, at Woodstuck with the nightingales, 
At sixty wrote the Canterbury Tales; 
Goetlie at Weiniar, toiling to the last, 
Complcteil Faust when eighty years were ])ast. 
These are indeed exceptions; but they show- 
How far the gulf stream of our youth may flow 
Into the arctic regions of our lives, 
Where little else but life itself survives. 

M.\UK H.\.\N.\ ]5ut on the armor of a new strife in the 
forum at three-.score years of a<fe — a period when man\-, 
weary and worn with life's battle, lay it off — and I know 
of none who so late in life assumed the hea\v tasks of 
public service, whether in military or civic station, who 
acquitted themselves with more \i<iorous and adaj)ti\e 
ability or who attained grreater success. Entering the 
arena of debate on the hustintrs, at festival, and at public 
ceremonial without the training, experience, and equip- 
ment which prepare for such exercises, he competed in dis- 
cu.ssiou willi the foremost intellects and nK)St jiracticed 
tongues of a land singularly fruitful in all \arieties of 
oratorical and controversial genius. He sustained himself 
ably and readily. He sjioke aptly to the ]X)int, exhil)iting 
am])le .sources of information and facility of expre.ssion. 
He dis])layed a ver.satility and ela.sticity of talent that alike 
stirprised and ploa.sed, and lo his .solid abilities his good 
humor ;ind gracious, hearty manners were jiowerfnl and 
attractive adjimcls. 

There are two things lluil 1 wnuUl .sa\' of him ili;ii lind 
utterance with si>ecia] s;Uisfaction to me. His persoiutl 
relations \\ illi his colleagues, of whatever jiha.se of ])olilical 



Address of Mr. Daniel^ of I 'irginia 85 

opinion, were marked by the unfailing courtesy and consid- 
eration that well become a member of this body and that 
bespeak the manh- and g-enerons spirit. I never knew him 
imtil he became a Senator. ?il\- relations with him were 
never intimate, and I never had negotiations with him 
respecting any matter of profound and general public im- 
portance; but I met him frequently in the ordinary cir- 
cumstances of our btisiness here. I had with him manv 
consultations and conferences about matters of detail, and 
abotit some that deeph' concerned my own constituents. I 
shared the courteous hospitalit}- of his board, which he 
delighted to dispense to his friends and genial acquaint- 
ances. It is a pleasant memory to me that on all occasions 
I found in him that prompt and candid expression, that 
polite regard, and that cheerfiil and amiable companion- 
ship that can not fail to inspire friendship, to conciliate 
opinion, induce confidence, and brighten and bless existence. 
]Mark Hanna — I say it in his high praise — never at any 
time here, nor within my knowledge or obser\'ation at any 
other place, exhibited any narrow prejudice, any sectional 
repugnancv, or \indictiveness toward any .segment of his 
countrv or anv portion of his countrymen. (Jn the con- 
trar\-, his conduct in this regard .seemed to me eminently 
wortln- of the true American and the broad-minded states- 
man. He often spoke of his Virginia ancestry, his grand- 
father Hanna having gone to Ohio from the town of 
Lvnchburg, \'a., in which I live, and he, like Allen G. 
Thurman, William Allen, Benjamin Butterworth, George 
Pendleton, and many others, distinguished representative 
men of Ohio, being .scions of old Virginia stock. His 



86 Life and Character of Marcus A. Manna 

Ainericanisin was catholic and comprehensive; his human- 
ity was betokened by his manners as by his conduct, and 
lie had a nati\e and unaffected sympathy for his people 
and his kind. His ambitions were tempered by o;eniality 
and (rood nature, and his words were moderated bv the 
discerninjj^ instincts that sever difference of opinion from 
personal hostility or hatred. Like William McKinlev, his 
countrymen everywhere were not without a place in his 
reji^ard. 

Our enemies without we can readily provide against. 
The selfi.sh, artful, or fanatical sectionalist within is the 
mo.st insidious and dangerous foe to the peace, happiness, 
and dignity of our great national commonwealth. 

In one respect Mr. H.-\xx.-\ occupied the \antage 
ground of exceptionally favorable relations to the suffra- 
gans of this country. Himself a capitalist, with large 
interests in transportation, manufactures, and trade, he 
had won the confidence of the moneyed classes and the 
business men. 

As the employer of many workingmen he had won their 
confidence and good will and that of others of similar voca- 
tions by a wise, conciliatory, and just course which had pre- 
vented strikes and broils. " Come and talk the matter over 
with me '" wxs his standing in\ itation to all em])loyees who 
had a grievance, real or suppo.sed, and such was his tactful- 
ne.s.s, which could only have had its base in his .sen.se of jus- 
tice and lnnnanit\, that his conferences always bore the 
fruits of peace, concession, and contentment. It is not to be 
wondered at that a man of such characteri.stics and of .such 
a fortunate relation U\ the sources of political i)ower should 



Addrcsi of Mr. Daniel, of I 'irgi)iia 87 

be widely spoken of and favored for the Presidency of the 
United States. 

The star of that high office seemed at one time to hover 
over him. Had lie yielded to the natnral promptings of 
ambition and hitched his wagon to that star, there is no 
doubt that he would have proved a powerful and attractive 
candidate. The' conviction of the ma.sses that he was a 
level-headed man, well balanced, and that he had a lively 
regard for all his countrymen had increa.sed his prospects of 
success. Perhaps the admonitions of advancing years and 
the prudential intimations of weakening health deterred 
him. Be this as it may, Mr. Hann.\ was yet in the zenith 
of high career. He had ju.st been reelected to the vSenate 
with unprecedented manifestations of support in his own 
State, and he was invested and surrounded with whatever 
this world can give of its fruits, its honors, and its hopes, 
be he the toiling son of labor or the ambitious aspirant for 
public place and power. 

Suddenly he was taken down with a dreadful typhoid 
fever. He resisted its siege with calm and patient courage, 
but .soon it was well known that he had sickened unto 
death. 

No party line divided those who hovered with anxious 
and sympathetic inquiry around his residence in this city 
or who eagerly sought the latest tidings in the morning 
and evening press. When the inevitable came, and science, 
wealth, station, friendship, and love stood at naught, the 
whole land mourned, and the sympathies of the people were 
poured forth to the circle of near and dear ones who bowed 
at his side before the stroke of Almighty Power. 



88 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ilainia 

It was universally thou<^ht and felt and said that a man 
of great ability and amiable disposition and remarkable ac- 
complishments had departed; that he loved and served with 
tenderness those who were bonnd to him by ties of affec- 
tion or kindred blood; that he bore no malice toward his 
political opponents; that he lo\xd his whole country; that 
he foujjfht openh- with coiiraoreous conviction and manly 
ardor; that his abilities and \irtnes far exceeded whatever 
faults might be imputed to him, and that he was, all in all, 
a great American and a full-statured man. 

May God's infinite goodness to his creatures pour balm 
into the wounded souls of the loving ones, sorely stricken 
li\- his loss, and may He sustain and comfort them in their 
affliction by His infinite power. 



Address of Mi; Perkins^ of California ^ 89 



Address of Mr. Perkins, of California 
Mr. President: 

Friend after friend departs; 

Who has not lost a friend ? 
There is no union here of hearts 

That finds not here an end. 

It seems as if it were but yesterday that our friend and 
associate, Senator Haxxa, was seated at ni\- right in the 
seat he so long occupied. I can ahnost hear the echo of 
his familiar \oice and his cheerful greeting, and see the 
pleasant smile in recognition of those who were near him. 

It was mv good fortune to be associated with him upon 
several important committees, in attendance on which he 
was always punctual to the hour of meeting, and was 
watchful and painstaking in the consideration of every 
measure submitted for investigation, giving the subject- 
matter the same thought and consideration he would ha\-e 
done had it been a question aflfecting his own private 
business affairs. 

He had the confidence and respect of all who knew him. 
Capital had confidence in him because by industry and 
econoni)- he had become a capitalist. Labor believed in 
him because he had been a laborer all of his life, and all 
that he was or hoped to be he owed to labor. 

Therefore he intended to devote a great part of the 
remaining years of his life in reconciling and harmonizing 
this imaginarv conflict between labor and capital. 



90 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hattna 

Could Ik- to-day send a niessajje to us from behind the 
veil that conceals hiui from our \ie\v, it would be one of 
patriotism, love of country, home, and our fellow-men, and 
mutual cooperation and confidence in each other, to the 
end that all mijjht work to<jether for the mutual benefit 
and happiness of our common country. He would say a 
generous use of capital in industrial enterprises should 
benefit the owner as it does the whole communit\'. 

It was in this earnest effort to brin,L( capital and labor 
tojjether on a basis of mutual understanding; that much 
was to be expected from a man of his energy, uprightness, 
and usefuhiess. His whole heart was in the work he had 
undertaken, for he fully recognized that the (juestions 
invoKed are the most important with which our country 
is called uj)ou to deal. Without the friendly and harmoni- 
ous cooperation of these two fundamental ba.ses of prog- 
re.s.s — prosperity and peace — the future will be dark indeed. 

Ry early training and by later achievements, b\ char- 
acter, intelligence, and knowledge of men. Senator II.\.\N.\ 
was fulh' equipped for the great labor which he had \ohin- 
larily undertaken. He knew both sides of the question, 
and had syinpath>' for lioth the parties arraved again.st 
each other, for he .s;iw where each had rights, as he al.so 
s;iw where each invaded the rights of the other. 

He had decided \iews u]X)n every (|uestion ou which lie 
was called u]>on to legislate. He did his own thinking, 
an«I it was no easy la.sk to ili.ssuade him from a line of 
action u]M>n which he had once determined. 

Hut he had a kind lieart and was full of s\nipath\' for 
the luifortunate and afflicted. .Mtlumgh a sufferer him.self 



Address of Mr. Perkins, of California 91 

from lameness, which made it at times painful to walk, I 
have seen him many times within the hour leave his seat 
to answer a card from some one in the Senate reception 
room who had called to ask a favor. 

Loyalty to his friends was a marked characteristic of his 
nature. If one had his friendship and confidence, noth- 
ing could swerve him from his belief in their integrity. 
Calumny and abuse of his friends seemed to intensify his 
loyaltv and cause him to put forth renewed efforts in their 
behalf. 

I have read that in the Koran it is said: "When a man 
dies, the}- who survive him ask what property he has left 
behind," but the angel, the messenger from heaven, who 
bends over the d\4ng man, asks what good deeds he has 
sent before him. 

When Senator Hanna invited me, with other friends, to 
attend a dinner and reception he gave last )'ear in this city 
to General Booth, the founder of the Salvation Army, I 
asked him, " Do you believe in the doctrine General Booth 
preaches?" He replied: "I believe in the great and good 
work in which the Salvation Army is engaged, and the 
practical results which we see from their efforts. They are 
reclaiming thousands of men and women from lives of 
dissipation and shame to those of usefulness and good 
citizenship. This, to my mind, is practical Christianity, 
and every month I make it a rule to give my contribution 
toward this .splendid work." 

Senator H.a.xx.^ was a successful man in the business 

' affairs of life, and indn.stry, application, patience, and 

intecrritv were the onh- secrets of his success. But the 



92 Lijv and Character of Marcus A. Haiiiia 

acquisition <il wealtli was lo liiiii, aside from jiroviding 
bountifull\' for those who were near and dear lo him, to 
do good to others and to make llie world better 1)ecanse 
he had lived. 

The great problem was how to bring each side to look at 
the industrial field as one, and not two fields occupied by 
hostile interests; to show that hostility is suicide, in that 
the injur)' of one of the elements of production brings 
destruction to production itself, wherein all concerned, both 
laborers and capitalists, must suffer as surely as must the 
human being when the limbs are severed from the bod\-. 
I think his policy in dealing with tliis question was not 
unlike that of the physician who treats bodil\- ills. The 
industrial body, like the human bod\', is an entit\'. I-C\erv 
part is essential to e\ery other part. When the head aches 
from di.sorganization of the functions of the liver the latter 
organ is not extirpated, for that would mean death to the 
whole organi.sm. When intense cerebral disturbance inter- 
feres with digestion the t)rain is not removed, for that like- 
wise would mean death. The plnsician strives to di.scover 
the cause of the abnormal conditions which show their 
effects in remote organs, and by restoring a condition of 
health to one part to restore the normal well-being of all. 
When disea.se gets beyond human control, and lo.ss of func- 
tions re.siills or amputation becomes necessary, the organism 
can never reco\'er its lost jiower, and its efFicienc\' is per- 
manentl\ iniixure<i. 

It is thus with labor aim i.m])ii.i1, and thai fad was the 
fundamental one on which .Senator H.\nn.\ ba.>Ned his effort 
for the restoration nf health\ industrial conditions. His 



Address of Mr. Perkins, of California 93 

aim was to ascertain the cause of discontent, whether injus- 
tice, actual or imaginary-, unreasonable demands on the part 
of labor or of capital, or simph' mismiderstanding- due to 
ignorance of existing conditions. Whate\'er the disease of 
the industrial bod\-, he would cure b}' such remedies as 
would restore the natural conditions through the education 
of those most intimateh- concerned. Ignorance, misunder- 
standing, intolerance, passion, greed, and revenge are the 
diseases of the bod)- industrial which bring in their train 
weakness, inefficiency, and, if not quickly cured, di.saster 
and death. But they are curable diseases, and this was 
what caused Senator Haxna to bring to bear upon the 
problems the>' presented that wide sympath)-, that profound 
knowledge of men, that faith in the efficacy of reason which 
made him, like the tried and trusted physician, a man in 
whom all could put confidence, knowing that his sole aim 
was to restore to healthful acti\-ity the industrial world- 
It seems an easy lesson to learn if capital and labor will 
but reason together, for the laborer of to-day is the capital- 
ist of to-morrow, and he who ranks as a capitalist to-day 
mav, by adversitv and misfortune, again become a laborer. 
Ever^• a\"enue to education, to honor, to fame, and wealth 
are open to the poorest boy and girl in our land, and they 
will sureh- win if they have industry and perseverance. 
There can be no cla.ss distinction in a government where 
the people are the .source of all power. Here character is 
the shibboleth that opens the door which re\eals to us our 
duty as citizens of our common countr\-. 

Had vSenator Haxna lived ten years 1 believe that he 



94 f-'h' """' Character of Marcus . 1. Haiiiia 

would have seen the great and jjood results of his work. I 
belie\e that he would have brou^jht about that understand- 
ings between capital and labor which must be attained 
before the dang-ers which confront us can be removed. I 
believe that he, of all men, was best qualified for the work 
in hand and would have been measurably successful; that he 
would have made it plain that the laborer and the capitalist 
have identical interests, and that the injury of one is the 
injnr\- of the other ; that the\- must work together for the 
common aim of the prosperity and well-being of all con- 
cerned ; that sympathy must take the place of discord, and 
that man has no rights as against another, the enforcement 
of which would tend to disorganize the social fabric. This 
object, I believe, was that to which Senator H.\nn.\ had 
devoted the reuiaiuder of his life, and this unselfishness is 
one of the les.sons we may learn from him to whose inemor\' 
we to-day pay tribute. 

It is hard and .sad to realize that we sliall ne\er .see him 
here again. lUil such is the counnou lot of all. It is as 
natural to die as it is to be born and li\'e. The .sands in 
the life gla.ss of each one of us here to-<:lay are surely falling, 
and the places that we now fill will know us no more for- 
ever. .Ml, mystery of death, and greater mystery of life! 
The human mind can not comprehend that which the 
Infinite has not revealed. May we ha\e faith in the 
promi.se that death is the gateway of a new life. 

When we .solemnly and with aching heart bore the last 
eartliK' remains of tmr friend from the cajjital of the nation 
to his beautiful home, it was a day of sorrow and grief for 
the goiHl iK.-oplc of the city by the lake. Husine.ss was 



Address of Mr. Perkins, of California 95 

suspended, buildings draped in mourning, and with sympa- 
thetic voice and face all united in paving their last sad 
tribute of respect to the memory of their friend and his 
bereaved famih-. Reverenth- to mother earth we con- 
signed him, believing his spirit can never die and his 
infltience will be a benediction to the living. 

I stood a short time since upon the shore of the Pacific 
coast, and as I watched the sun sink beneath the ocean 
horizon and the gloaming twilight blend into darkness, 
I ttirned awa\- with sadness, as it seemed as if the orb of 
daA- had disappeared never to return. But the coming 
morning brought it back again in resplendent glory and 
beautv, giving life and vitality to a slumbering world. So, 
mav we not hope that in the bright morn of the resurrec- 
tion we shall again meet our friend and brother? 



96 Life and Character 0/ Marcus A. JIaiiiia 



Address of Mr. Depew. of New York 

Mr. PRr.sii)i:NT: A commanding figure and positive force 
has i)as.sed out of our public life. It is difficult to estimate 
the qualities of leadership, but the facts remain. Neither 
the progress of civilization nor the development of the edu- 
cation and independence of the individual has minimized 
the jjower of a commanding intelligence. On the contrary-, 
organization keeps pace with progress. The individual is 
not siibmerged in the ma.ss nor left helpless as the slave of 
a tyrant nor food for powder, as in ruder times, but he looks 
to and loves to follow a leader for the accomplishment of 
purpo.ses which will benefit both the mass and its units. 
"All for one" was the motto of the past. "All for one 
and one for all " is the maxim of the present. Xapoleon 
brushed aside the charge that he was the l)utcher of his 
age by saying, " I only killed a million, mostly Germans." 
He did not reckon the countless millions who died of star- 
\ati()U and di.sease as a result of his wars and de\;istating 
marches. He did not reckon the suft'ering and ruin which 
required a century to repair. 

Tile reipiisiles for leadership are difTereut in every age. 
Neither Ciesar nor Napoleon would have any i)lace in our 
comury or under our conditions. The ]iroblems which 
pnKluced Washington, and afterwards the great trinil\' of 
Webster, Cla\ . and Calhoun, and still later Lincoln and 
(iranl, are not ours. The\ led their forces into battles for 



Address of Afr. Depetv, of New York 97 

the bases upon which g-overnment should be constructed 
and institutions founded. Our ao^e is dominated by com- 
mercialism. Like all phrases which concentrate in a word 
the description of conditions, this one has been subject to 
abuse, misimderstanding, and misrepresentation. For thirty 
years, or since the adjustments which followed the civil 
war, the United States has been a workshop. Its industries 
and their development have been as dependent upon politics 
and the triumph of political policies as was the existence 
of the Government of the United States as a great central 
power, or its division into sovereign States before the civil 
war. Each party promises success to commercialism b\- 
pleading that its ideas crystallized into legislation will 
bring larger and more remunerative employment to labor 
and capital, form more new enterprises, lead to larger 
development of resources, and produce more beneficent 
results to the people. 

These questions are not new, but the)- have always been 
subordinated to others which related to the safety or the 
character of our institutions. Now they are dominant and 
have produced a new type of leadership. In the front rank 
stood our departed friend. He was the product as well as 
the organizer and commander of the forces of commer- 
cialism. His origin and growth were those of every bo)- 
whose alma mater is the public school. It equipped him 
for a clerkship in a store, which is the lot of millions who 
graduate ever)- \ear. What happens afterwards, what 
career is found and followed to higher and better conditions, 
depends entirely upon the character, ambition, and efforts of 
the boy. The restless and resistless vigor of this farseeing 
S. Doc. 321, 58-2 7 



98 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

vouth coTild not be kept behind the counter nor confined to 
the countinfp-ooin. WHien to the culture of the common 
school had been added business training^, he sa^v that to 
advance quickly he must open a new avenue of trade. 
Like manv another of our most successful citizens, he foinid 
it in solving- a local problem of transportation. It was easy 
for him to persuade capital to trust hiui. It was one of the 
few cases where capital, confidinj^ in the promoter, escaped 
loss and made large profits. 

To bring the iron ore of the Northwest from the mines 
across the Lakes cheaply to the furnaces in Ohio was simple 
enough, but, like the great feat of Columbus, which has 
been repeated down the ages, of making the t^^ stand on 
end, was his solution of the greater problem. Tliis next 
step was natural to such an original and creative mind. 
Coal and iron must be brought together at the furnaces by 
the elimination of the coimtless charges of middlemen. He 
became an ironmaster, with his own lines on Lake Superior, 
his own transportation across the Great Lakes, his own coal 
fields connected with smelting works and mills. The min- 
erals in wliich he dealt underlie the whole American conti- 
nent. They can not be corralled or controlled as is possible 
with other jiroducls of nature which are only to be found in 
limited territories. He was therefore compelled to fight his 
wa\ in tile field of hot competition against tlie al)lest and 
most succe.>^sful of business men. The results of this strug- 
gle are jireeminenlly the sur\ival of the fittest. Statisticians 
who have stiidied the (piestion prove that in New York 
City, where energ> , talent, and capital come from all ]>arts 
of the country and have larger opportunities than can be 



Address of Mr. Depezc, of New York 99 

found at home, only one in 200 succeed. The other 199 
fail and are submerged. In the open countn,' the disasters 
are not so dreadful, but the great successes are equally rare. 

It was not long before Mr. Haxna was confronted with 
the labor problem. Labor organizations were little known 
and had no combined existence at that time. The aspira- 
tions of labor, seeking a fair share of the production in 
which it was such an essential part, led to sporadic revolts, 
which were almost invariably defeated. This born fiehter, 
with undaunted courage and a physical power controlling, 
in a measure, an aggressive mind, followed the methods in 
vogue in the early period of his career. One of the char- 
acteristics which made the varied success of the Senator 
was his open-mindedness. He .saw earlier than any of the 
other great employers that labor had rights, and that it was 
to the interest of the capitalist both to grant justice to 
labor and to win its confidence. He abandoned hostilities 
for the much more difficult path of conciliation and arbi- 
tration. Ten thousand employees of his, who when he 
died mourned the loss of one who stood to them as a father 
and a friend, testified to the wisdom and success of his 
policy. 

A life of strenuous business struggling, of reaching out 
for new fields to conquer, of education by absorption in the 
questions affecting industrial safety and development, of 
contact with and increasing knowledge of human nature in 
every walk and work continued imtil Air. Hanna was in 
his sixtieth year. This was the education, preparation, and 
equipment which from the obscurity of business brought 
into the light of publicity and command, almost in a daj-, 



lOO Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiina 

Hanna the party organizer, the party leader, the President 
maker, the Senator, and the statesman. 

In his early bnsiness life, still \ec\ young to have climbed 
so high, and while fighting labor, he had on trial a score or 
more of his striking employees. A young enthusiast, whose 
heart controlled his mind, who po.s.ses.sed an almost feminine 
emotional and .sentimental nature, was defending them. 
The argument of McKinle\' evidently opened the mind of 
Haxna to new ideas upon the relations of capital and labor. 
The advocate and worker immediately became fa.st friends. 

Comparatively late in life came to him the belief that 
nothing is so imperatively necessary to the business man 
as politics. Costly experience had taught liini tlial the 
successful outcome of his .shops, furnaces, and mines was 
dependent upon the indu.strial policies of the Government. 
He had the easy confidence of the man triumphant in liis 
ventures, that he could forecast and meet trade conditions. 
But the factor of legislation was beyond his power of calcu- 
lation. He finally was con\inced that the accunnilations of 
a lifetime of hard work and the material future of himself 
and famil\- depended upon the economic and financial meas- 
ures of Presidents and Congresses. Without any thought 
of olitaining or holding office for himself, he began to build 
the bulwarks whicli he thought nece.s.s;u-y about the yxo- 
tecled indu.stries of the countr>-. With an audacity and 
confidence born of liis triumphs in trade lie .set al)oul to 
cajHure the Presidency for his faith. McKinley's illumi- 
nating speeches on the taritT convinced Ha.nn.\ that in the 
Major he liad found the man for his jmrpo.se. 

There were many men in llie j^arly of longer .ser\'ice, 



Address of Mr. Dcpew, of New York loi 

larger following, and greater reputation. Bnt Hanna 
bronght to bear to win the favor of the people the methods 
of his bnsiness. He knew the virtue of publicity and pro- 
motion. He planned a speaking canva.ss for his candidate 
which covered every State, becau.se he believed in the mag- 
netic personality and persuasive eloquence of his friend. 
When, after many months, ^Ir. McKinley returned, the 
Senator said to him, " I thought you would be dead ;"' and 
McKinley replied, " From the itinerary you gave me I 
thought your purpose was to kill me." The tour and the 
literature which went out unceasingh- from H.\xxa'.s press 
bureau captured the convention before it met and side- 
tracked every other candidate. The unknown ironmaster 
of Cleveland had beaten the veteran politicians and nomi- 
nated his friend. Now came a new test of his ability, 
because the succes.sful candidate placed in his hands the 
conduct of the campaign. To publicit)- and promotion he 
added education. At hardly any period in our history had 
the countr)- suffered under such severe financial and indus- 
trial depression. At such times, as in periods of ei^idemic, 
public anxiety and frenzy seize upon novel remedies. 

The silver panacea, however, was not new. It had 
secured much favorable legislation from both parties and 
was undoubtedly favored in the minds of a large majority 
of our people. McKinley him.self was not free from advo- 
cacy of and belief in silver theories. Unexpectedly the 
currency question overshadowed that of the tariff. No such 
campaign was ever conducted before, and it would be diffi- 
cult to repeat it. It required millions of money for its .suc- 
cessful prosecution. Colporteurs were on the countr\- roads 



I02 Life and Character of Marcus A. I/aiiiia 

in evt-ry county and State distributing the campaign litera- 
ture wliich Hanxa was having printed by the ton. Tlie 
schoolhouses resounded with the eloquence of thousands of 
orators, whose expenses must be met. The literar)- bureau 
furnished plate matter and contributions to the pre.ss, much 
of which had to be paid for as advertisements. The com- 
manding general alone knew the magnitude of the machin- 
ery- and the colossal character of the forces he had called 
into being. With the .same talent for administration and 
attention to details which had made his success in business, 
he knew the conditions in every State, county, and town- 
ship, in ever)- division, regiment, company, and corporal's 
guard of his anny better than the local commanders them- 
seK'es. 

Tile results of the election demonstrated the necessity for 
this tremendous effort, for McKinley's popular majorit\- in 
the total of 13,923,102 was only 1601,854. The business 
man. known as such only in the branch of the trade with 
which he was identified and unknown to the ]>eople in June, 
1895, was ill Xovember of the same year llie Warwick of 
American ik)litics and the most jx)werful man in the I'nited 
Slates. 

The President wanted him to be a member of his Cabi- 
net, becau.se of the intimacy of their relation; but H.\NN.\, 
the l)usine.ss man, the repre.sentative of commercialism in 
public affairs, knew that his juiwer would l)e subordinate 
to thai iif tile President as one of his Secretaries, while 
in Congre.ss his hand would Ix' in the formulation or 
defe.it of those measures which he coiiceixed essential to 



Address of Mr. Depeu\ of New York 103 

the welfare, employment, income, and happiness of the 
American people. 

Quite as suddenly as he grew to be supreme in political 
management the Senator became an orator. He had been 
accustomed in the boards of directors of many corporations, 
where the conferences were more in the nature of consulta- 
tions than arguments, to influence his associates by the 
lucidity with which from a full mind he could explain 
situations and suggest policies or remedies. He did not 
dare, however, except on rare occasions, to trust himself 
upon his feet. We, his associates, can ne\-er forget the day 
when a mighty passion loosed his tongue and introduced 
into the debates of this body an original and powerful 
speaker. It was June, 1900. The Presidential campaign 
for the second nomination and canvass of President McKin- 
ley was about to open. Senator Pettigrew, an active and 
persistent laborer in the ranks of the opposition, was seek- 
ing material in every direction which would benefit his 
side. Without notice he suddenly assailed Senator Hanna 
in his tenderest point. He attacked his honesty, truthful- 
ness, and general character. He accused him of briberv, 
perjury, and false dealing. Hanna's reply was not a 
speech, but an explosion. It was a gigantic effort, in his 
almost imcontrollable rage, to keep expression within the 
limits of Senatorial propriety. He shouted in passionate 
protest : 

Mr. President, the gentleman will find that he is mistaken in the 
people of the United States when he attempts, through mud slinging and 
accusations, to influence their decision when they are called upon at the 
polls next November to decide upon the principles that are at issue and 



I04 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ilaiiua 

iiol the men. Wlieii it comes to personality. I will .stand up against bim 
and coinpare my character to his. I will let him tell what he knows; 
then I will tell what I know about him. 

The newborn orator carried hi.-^ threat into execution 
by a dramatic and picturesque .speakinj:^ tour through 
South Dakota, in which, without mentioning Mr. Petti- 
grew or referring to him in any way, lie took away hi.s 
constituents by con\incing them that the doctrines of 
their Senator were inimical to their interests and pros- 
perity. The Titanic power the Dakota Senator had 
evoked was his j)olitical ruin. 

From that time Senator H.^nxa participated influenti- 
ally in debates upon tho.se industrial questions which he 
.so thoroughly understood and which were near his heart. 
The I'nited States had been conunitted for tliirty years 
to an isthmian canal by ilie Nicaragua route. It came 
to l)e considered as "the American line." Tlie resolution 
in its favor had passed the House unanimously. Senator 
H.\NN.\ gave to the study of the question, which was 
purely a business one, a mind long trained in construction 
and contracts. He came to the conclusion that we should 
build on the Panama route. There ha\e been main 
speeches in this Senate more eloquent, more scholarly, 
more profound, and more erudite than the one delivered 
by Senator H.\nn.\ in favor of tiie .selection of the 
Panama route; but when this man of business and affairs, 
of supreme intelligence in llie creation and ])ro.secution 
of business and enteri)rises, this constructive organizer in 
trade, who had fotmd liis talent for e.\i)lanation, instruc- 
tion, and argument, s;it ilown, he hail accomplished tliat 
rarest of triiunphs, the eunnnand of a listening .Senate. 



AddfTss of Mr. Depeu\ of Nctv York 105 

Perhaps in the final reckoning of his place and achie\'e- 
ments, his work in the Civic Federation will stand foremost. 
At first capital and labor l^oth distrusted him. They thought 
there was a hidden political motive or personal ambition at 
the base of the movement. Capitalists who were unfriendly 
to labor and labor agitators whose profits depend upon 
trouble united in fighting Hann.\ as they often had done 
in fighting peace, but the genuine, patriotic, and broad- 
minded labor leaders soon became his ardent friends, while 
the distrust of capital was slowly disappearing. When he 
died the people recognized that his unselfish object and aim 
was to close his career by creating such relations between 
these tremendous forces that both would be benefited and 
the indtistrial interests of _the country placed upon a safe 
and peaceful basis. 

One of the most interesting phases of the life of Senator 
Hanna was his friendship with President McKinley. The 
men were wholly imlike ; they had nothing in common. 
Hanna was a fighter, and he loved and lived in the storms 
of battle. McKinley was a diplomat, whose tact amounted 
to genius for the peaceful settlement of controversies and 
conversion of enemies. H.wxa had the rare faculty of fore- 
casting events and taking advantage of them which easily 
accumulates millions and the rarer common sense which 
keeps the fortune. McKinley in a large and comprehensive 
way could formulate and popularize policies which promoted 
prosperity and increased national and individual wealtli, 
but the art of making money was for him an in.soluble 
mystery, and he could not master the intricacies and details 
of business. 



io6 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ilaiiiia 

Tliere is only one parallel instance in our history, and 
that is the relation between William H. Seward and Thnr- 
low \\'ced. As Hanna believed that his economic and 
financial \icws were essential to the present and futnre 
happiness of the country, so Weed thonght that the destruc- 
tion of sla\-ery was necessar\- to the preservation of the 
Union. As Haxxa felt that he nuist have in the Presi- 
dency the ablest ad\ocate of his theories, so did Weed 
believe that the most Ijrilliant and profonnd orator against 
sla\ery shonld l)c kept in public life, and ultimately pro- 
moted to the Chief Magistracy. Thurlow Weed was one 
of the ablest and most expert of political managers. For 
thirty years he ruled his party in the State of New York, 
and subordinated all his power, .skill, craft, and diplomacy 
to advance the political fortunes and keep in the Senate 
and at the front Governor Seward. Mr. Seward was de\oid 
of the talent which controls caucuses and manages con\-en- 
tions, and so was McKinley. Weed, after twent\' years, had 
the PresidencN' almost within the grasp of his candidate, 
and lost it by an accident. In le.ss than a year Hann".\ had 
succeeded. Mr. Seward possessed an intelligence of won- 
derful insight and philosophical grasp of moral issues with 
the faculty of inspiring beliefs and inducing efforts to bring 
about the e\ents he forecasted. 

McKinley's talent was upon the practical plane of the 
questions of our day which affect more nearly employment, 
wages, and lu>mes. Ik-tween the practical politician of Xew 
York and her greatest statesman there never existed much 
jKTsoiial intimacy and confidences. The jxililician looked 



Address of Mr. Depcw^ of New York 107 

upon the statesman with awe and admiration, and the states- 
man wondered at the talent, and the results it accomplished, 
of the politician. But late one ni^ht during the Spanish 
war, when all was anxiety, I went to the White House with 
Mr. Hanna. The optimistic radiance which always char- 
acterized the President had given place to worn' and gloom; 
but when he turned to his visitor and caressingly placed his 
hands upon Mr. Hanna's shoulder his countenance assumed 
all its old-time happiness and confidence, and he uttered, 
with a depth of feeling and affection which no words can 
describe, the word " jNIark." Everyone was impressed with 
the fact that two souls with kindred thoughts were linked 
in a love which " passeth all understanding." 

The career of a leader who does not at all hazards and at 
anv risk of loss stand by his friends is a short one. The 
same is true of a leader who having defeated his enemies 
seeks to crush them. The accumulated forces of many 
vendettas will ultimately destroy him. Hanna would go 
to the death for his friend, and he inspired such loyalty and 
love that his followers would die for him. He often at- 
tached to himself a defeated enemy by a grateful and unex- 
pected favor. 

A schoolmate of I\Ir. Hann.a., himself now a creator and 
manager of great enterprises and known everywhere, told 
me that the boys of the public school got in trouble with a 
street peddler and were in danger of being seriously injured 
when Mark Hanna came in sight. It was not his quarrel, 
but it was enough for him that his friends were in peril, 
and he rushed into the fight with such savage fury that the 



io8 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hantia 

lads were encouraged, the tide of battle turned, and the 
burly bulh- put to flight. The act of the boy was the life- 
long conduct of the man. 

" How soon we are forgotten " was the pathetic utterance 
of the returning Rip Wan Winkle after twenty years of ab- 
sence from his \illage. Time .soon obliterates the foot- 
prints of public as well as of private characters; but occa- 
sionalK- a rare personality becomes immortal by capturing 
the public imagination and winning the people's heart, but 
such a man must have been long before them and with 
them fighting their battles. H.\XN.\ is the exception. 
Eight years from the time of his entrance upon the public 
.stage he died. Millions waited anxioush- upon the hourh 
bulletins of his health. Millions mourned silently when he 
was no more. The President and Cabinet, ambassadors, 
judges of the Supreme Court, Senators, Congressmen, and 
captains of industry were at his funeral, but the sincerest 
tributes to his worth, his patriotism, and the beneficent 
work of his life were the tliou.sands of working men and 
women who stood for hours in the deep snow and wintry 
blasts with bared heads and tear-stained cheeks while their 
best friend was carried to his last resting place. 



Address of Mr. Bez'cridge, of Indiana 109 



Address of Mr. Beveridge, of Indiana 

Mr. President: Since to all earthh- work an end must 
come, our words of farewell to a fellow-workman should 
not alone be those of grief that man's common lot has 
come to him, but of pride and joy that his task has been 
done worthily. Powerful men so weave themsehes into 
their hour that, for the moment, it all but seems the world 
will stop when they depart. Yet it does not stop or 
even pause. Undisturbed, Time still wings his endless and 
unwearied flight; and the progress of the race goes on and 
up toward the light, realizing at every step more and more 
of the true, the beautiful, and the good. 

So it is not important that any of us should long remain; 
the Master Builder lacks not craftsmen to take our place. 
But it is important to the uttermost that while we are here 
we should do our duty to the full perfection of our powers, 
fearles.sly and faithfulh', with clean hands, and hearts ever 
full of kindness, forbearance, charity. 

These are the outline thoughts that the absence of our 
friend compels. With his whole strength he did his work 
from boyhood to the place of rest. He was no miser of his 
life — he poured it into discharge of dut}-, keeping with 
Nature no account of heart beats. 

The things he did were real things. He was the very- 
spirit of the practical. Yet the practical did not kill or 



I lo Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

even impair the Inniuin in him. He ne\cr lost the gift of 
lovableness. His sense of human touch and fellowship 
was not dulled, but made more delicate by Time and the 
World. The years made him wiser, but they made him 
mellower, too. 

And so he won the people's affection as well as their 
applau.se. And affection is worth more than applause. 
There is no greater glory than this — to make a nation your 
friend. Senator H.\NX.\ did that. F'or when the angel of 
peace, which men call Death, took our brother to his well- 
earned rest the people knew that a friend had left them. 
And the people were .sad that he had gone away. 

This human qualit\' in him made all he did a living 
thing, all he said a living word. He was tlie man of 
affairs in statesmanship; yet his personality gave to propo- 
sitions of mere national business something of the warmth 
and vitality of principles. He was the personification of 
our commercial age — the age of building, planting, reaping; 
of ships on ocean and on land steel highways and the roll- 
ing wheels of trade; of that movement of the limes which 
knits together with something more than verbal ties all 
tile children of men, wea\es tangible civilizatit)n around the 
globe and will, in time, make of all ])eo]-)les neighbors, 
brothers, friends. 

Thus he was, unwittingly no doubt, one of the agents of 
(iod's great purpose of tlie unification of tlie race. We are 
all such agents, small or great. If this is not so — if we are 
not, ignorantly periia])s and blindly but still surely, .sjnn- 
ning our lives into the Master's design, wlio.se jiattern 
He alone can comprehend — if we and all things are not 



Address of Mr, Bevcridge^ of Indiana 1 1 1 

working together for good — if life is but a breath exhaled 
and then forever lost, our work means less and is worth 
less than that of coral insects, which, from the depths, build 
ever toward the light until islands stand above the waves, 
permanent monuments of an intelligent architecture. 

Work with real things — real earth, real ocean, real 
mountains, real men — made him conservative. And his 
conser\-atism was real. Much that is accepted as conser\-a- 
tism is spurious, mere make-believe. Conservatism does 
not mean doubt or indecision. It does not mean wise 
looks, masking vacuity, nor pompous phrase, as meaning- 
less as it is solemn. Conser\'atism means clear common 
sense, which equally rejects the fanaticism of precedent and 
the fanaticism of change. It would not have midnight 
last just because it exists; and yet it knows that dawn 
comes not in a flash, but gradually — comes with a grand 
and beautifid moderation. So the conserv'ative is the real 
statesman. He brings things to pass in a way that lasts 
and does good. Senator Hanxa was a conservative. 

Working with real things among real men also kept 
fresh his faith and hope. No sailer of the seas, no delver 
in the earth, no builder of rooftree can be a pe.ssimist. 
He who plants doubts not our common mother's generos- 
ity, or fails to see in the brown furrow the certainty of 
coming har\'ests. He who sinks a well and witnesses the 
waters rise understands that the eternal fountains will 
never cease to flow. Only the man whose hands never 
touch the realities of life despairs of human progress or 
dotibts the providence of God. The fable of Antaeus is lit- 
eral truth for body, mind, and soul. And .so. Senator 



112 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

Hanna dealijig with li\ing; men and the actualities of 
existence had all the virile hope of youth, all the unques- 
tioning faith of prophecy. These are the qualities of the 
effective leadership of men. 

He is gone from u.s — gone before us. Strength and 
frailt)-, kindness and wrath, wi.sdom and folly, laughter 
and frown, all the elements of life and his living of it have 
ceased their visible play and action. " Wlicre," said de- 
spairing \'illon, "where are the snows of yesteryear?" 
\'anished, he would have us believe. Yes, but vanished 
only in form. "The snows of yesterj-ear" are in the 
.stream, in cloud and rain, in sap of tree and bloom of 
flower, in licart and brain of talent and of beauty. Noth- 
ing is lost even here on our ancient and kindly earth. So 
the energies of our friend, and those of all men, have 
touched into activity forces that, influencing still others, 
will move on forever. 

As to the other life, we know not fully what it is; hut 
that it is, we know. Knowing this, we who are left 
behind go on about our daily tasks, assured that in another 
and truer existence our friend is now established, weakness 
cast aside as a cloak when Winter has passed, vision clear 
as when at dawn we wake from dreams, heart happy as 
when, the victory won, we cease from effort and from care. 
For liim the night is done, and it is written that "joy 
comelh in the morning." 



Address of Mr. Dolliver^ of loiva 1 1 



Address of Mr. Dolliver, of Iowa 

Mr. President: I would not at this hour l^e disposed to 
add anything to the tributes which ha\-e been paid here 
to-day to the memory of the kite Senator H.\xx.\ were it 
not for the fact that I ha\-e felt since he went away from us 
how much I owe to his kindness and friendly interest in 
me; and so I venture to speak a few words out of the 
gratitude of my heart. 

The epoch which brought him into the arena of Ameri- 
can public life, though only a few \-ears have passed, has 
been stricken in a strange wa}-. The central figtire of that 
epoch, President McKinle\', is gone; Governor Dingley, 
famous and useful in the chairmanship of the Ways and 
Means Committee of the Hotise of Representatives, is no 
more; Thomas B. Reed, that wonderful parliamentar\- hand 
which brought in the new order of things in representativ^e 
government in the United States, is seen no long-er among- 
ns; and here we are to-day paying our last tribute to one 
who in an important sense mastered more perfectly than 
an}- of these the great situation in which each played so 
conspictious a part. 

I have' been impressed by the general recognition which 

has been given in these memorial exercises to the business 

man in American public life. It is true, in a sense more 

important than we have understood, that an age like this 

S. Doc. 321, 58-2 S 



114 ^-'f'' ""^ Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

naturally calls into the public senice the men ^vho ha\e 
<(^iven leadership to its great industrial and commercial 
affairs. 

I have sometimes pondered over suggestions in the j)nb- 
lic press that the Congress of the I'nited States is being 
invaded 1)\' uiillicnaircs and men of wealth. 1 ha\-e never 
had any anxiety about that. I regard it as a true sign of 
our i)olitical health that in times like these men of great 
business aiTairs ha\e their ambition stirred to take part in 
the administration of the (Government of the United States. 

I remember when I first came to this Capitol watching 
the industry and a(.ti\it\- and marking the influence in 
this bod\- of such men as Senator Sawyer, of Wisconsin; 
Senator Stockbridge, of Michigan; Senator Stanford and 
Senator Hearst, of California, and sometimes wondering 
whether their presence here portended a healthful tendency 
in our jiulilic life. I count it now as the fiiK'st e\i<lence 
of the adajnal)ilil\' of oiu' inslitutiuns to our new connner- 
cial and industrial situation that the influence of nioiiev 
has not been able to keep out of American public life men 
sviccessful in bnsine.ss affairs in all the departments of 
connnerce and of industry. If nu)ne\' were everything, if 
men Could by l^iling u]) riches satisfy all their ambitions, 
and content themselves by the mere fame of l)eing rich, 
there woidd be no limit to the carnival of a\arice and 
greed in the world. 

The education which .Senator H.\N.\.\ had as a man of 
affairs was the e.\act qualification needed for u.sefulne.ss in 
the Congress of the Tnitid .States. It always .seemed to 
me a lurious thiuL;, at least, that his first entrance into the 



Address of Mr. DoUivcr, of Jou<a 115 

IDiiblic arena should have been after the age of 60 years; 
and in meditating upon that it has appeared to me that the 
secret of it lies in the fact that the education of the man, 
his real preijaration for a work like this, was the spirit in 
which he approached even the humble tasks which engaged 
his attention throughout his life. It was a part of the 
qualit}- of the intellect of vSenator Hanna that he was able 
to idealize the occupations of his previous career, and in 
reality he brought into this Chamber a special and peculiar 
training for the questions with which the Government of 
the United States has to deal. 

I have never wondered, as so many have, that he suddenly 
developed into a great orator. In studying the peculiarities 
of Senator Haxx.a — and I confess that I was interested in 
them from the \-ery beginning of my acquaintance with 
him — it appeared to me that his case showed that the 
human mind is so organized that any man who has a true 
thing to sa}- is not holden in the faculty of saying it. There 
is a mode of eloquence, fortunately now nearly obsolete, 
which needs neither clear thinking nor even any thinking 
at all to make itself fairh" acceptable; but the man who 
understands, who has explored his subject in all its hidden 
parts, who opens his mouth with the authority of actual 
knowledge, such a man has nothing to fear in a debate in a 
place like this. 

I was present in 1900 at the stock yards in Chicago when 
I had a glimpse of the colos.sal personality of this man which 
made a very profound impression on my mind. We took 
him down there to speak to the working people of Chicago 
and, curiously enough — a very strange anomaly under 



1 16 Life and Character of Alar cits A. Hanua 

institutions like ours — a large part of the audience had 
assembled there not to listen to him, but to prevent liim 
from speaking; and with noise, riot, tumult, disturbance, 
and breach of peace, in a measure almost unimaginable in a 
country like ours, that surging multitude for one hour and 
thirty minutes fought an unequal battle with the genius of 
a single man; and at lo o'clock the audience calmed, con- 
trolled, fascinated, he began one of the most remarkable 
political speeches it was ever my good fortune to hear. 

So I was not surprised in this Chamber when he came 
here dealing with questions about which he knew more 
than anybody else — questions like the revival of the mer- 
chant marine; questions like the Panama Canal — that he 
was able to stand on this floor and in simple, plain, direct 
speech discuss them with a skill that was hardly less, if 
at all less, than the most effective debating power we have 
had in the public life of the I'nited States. 

There is another thing which I have thought a good deal 
about in reflecting upon Senator IIaxna's career, anil that 
was that contact with practical affairs enaliled him to .see 
not onh- the importance but the difficulty of the greatest 
problem that now presses upon our Govennueut and upon 
all the goNernments of the world. 

He had known for a gcMul many years that if American 
.society is lo gt) on, if cixilizalion itself is not lo halt in its 
progress, .some solution uuist be found of the disputes 
rapidly .settling into a slate of fixed and permanent hostiliu 
1)etween the men and women who work for their living and 
the men who employ iliem. He had more knowledge of 
thai (luestii)u lliaii any of us, becau.se he had touched it 



Address of Mr. Dolliver, of Iowa 117 

from a greater variet}- of standpoints, so that he brought to 
the labor question a wealth of experience and of personal 
interest that enabled him easily, and without interfering 
with his public duties here, to become the leader of a far- 
reaching movement to bring about an understanding and 
treaty of pennanent peace between the contending indus- 
trial forces. The thing about his philosophy of more im- 
portance than anything else was the fact that he recognized 
that this peace will not be brought about by legislation, 
will not be brought about by the devices of human gov- 
ernment, but that underlying this problem, and nearly all 
the other problems of society, is the individuality of the 
men who employ labor and the individuality of the unnum- 
bered millions who do the work of this world. 

So this man in his old age rose to a level higher than 
mere statesmanship. He got a prophetic insight, which he 
had almost alone among our public men, that the labor 
question is a larger question than mere legislation; that its 
final solution depends upon principles which underlie the 
moral structure of society, and are more intricate than all 
the machinery of the Goveniment; that if the problem ever 
finds a solution, it will be through the practical application 
to the daily life of the world of those Divine precepts which 
are the chief inheritance of these Christian centuries. To 
my mind the best contribution to present-day thinking upon 
the labor problem was that higher vision which Senator 
Hanna in his old age received, when he declared, in the 
last public utterance he ever made, tliat the rights of labor 
and the rights of capital will find their permanent adjust- 
ment in that fundamental truth of the gospel through which 



ii8 Life and Character o/Marais A. Hanua 

the law of the human brotherhood, and with it the perfect 
code of social justice, is revealed. 

In studying the life of Senator Haxxa I was impressed 
bv the immediate victory which the man's character won 
over his enemies when the people of the United States 
once got a fair look at him. In the quiet of the national 
connnittee headquarters everybody loved him. In two 
campaigns I remember in going there how ever}-one, from 
the elevator boy to the Senator's associates on the commit- 
tee, referred to him in familiar terms as "The Old Man." 
The "old man " he was to them, and "the boys" they were 
to him. No .slander could touch him in the .society of 
tho.se who knew him. But the American public is large — 
8o,ooo,ocx> of ])L-ople — bombarded da\- l^y da>- with news- 
papers and pictures and the smooth inventions of political 
malice, and at the end of the campaign Senator H.^nx.a 
was the most misunderstood man in American public life. 

He came into this Chamber. He met the representatives 
of public opinion, including the members of the press gal- 
lery yonder — just men, able, and willing to measure a man 
by a fair standard — and within a \ear that cloud of caUnuny 
had rolled away. Everybody who saw him recognized at 
(jnce that he was an authentic man; ever\body who had 
business with him .saw that he was a man of good heart 
and humane impulses; and when men came to know his 
intellectual grasp he pas.sed from the category' t)f sus])icious 
public characters to ilie list of honored and tru.sted states- 
men in the .service of his country. Such was the victory of 
the man's character over the crusade of scandal and dispar- 
agement to which he had lucu so strangely subjected .is he 



Address of Mr. Dollivcr^ of lozva 119 

undertook to manage honorably and squarely the fortnnes 
of a great political part}-. 

The thing about him, however, which comes nearest to 
me, and, I think, nearest to everybody who listens to me 
here, is the fact that he had those qualities in him which 
excite, not alone admiration, not alone approval, but love 
and confidence in the deepest and truest sense. He had no 
artificial suavity of manner in his approach to the public, 
but he had what is vastly more serviceable even in the 
cheaper relations of political life, he had by nature a benevo- 
lent outlook on the world and a cordial sentiment for ever\- 
man, howe\-er humble, who was brought into contact with 
him. His love for ]\IcKinley was only a part of his lov- 
ing relations with the world in which he lived. Nobod^• 
ever saw him in this chamber without feeling the influence 
of his cheerful disposition and of his helpful attitude 
toward e\-erybody here. 

The words which have been spoken with such eloquence 
by Senators on the other side of this Chamber not only show 
the kindliness which underlies our politics, whatever may 
be our differences, but interpret in a beautiful and sugges- 
tive wav the surrender of all opposition to this gentle and 
benignant character. I recall the day I saw him after the 
funeral of poor ]\IcKinlev. The procession had gone awa\-, 
the pomp and ceremony of the hour had passed, and toward 
night I happened to be standing near the cemetery gate, and 
there, alone, in the rain, leaning on a crutch, careless of his 
surroundings, tears falling upon his care-worn face, I saw 
this good and great man. I did not venture to speak to 
him, but as I turned awa\' I said to myself, as I thought of 



I20 Life and Character of Marcus A. J la una 

William McKinley's political fortune, of the splendor of his 
career, of the fame which had increased year by year as he 
rose from the obscurit)- of a coiintr\- law office until at last 
he stood ii]x)n the hijjhest civic eiiiiiience known among- 
men, that in all future generations, as his conntrxnien make 
their pilgrimage to look with reverent emotion upon the 
gra\e of the martyred President, there will be few among 
them who will not think also of the man whose fame is 
joined with his, of the friend whose heart was broken in the 
tragedy of the national sorrow, of the reunion on tinseen 
sliores, where all the mysteries of life and death are made 
plain at last. 



Address of Mr. Keanis, of Utah 121 



Address of Mr. Kearns, of Utah 

Mr. President: I count it a special privilege to partici- 
pate in these exercises to-day, which commemorate the life 
and character of that great American, that lo\al friend and 
matchless leader, M.^Rcrs A.'H.\xx.\. Together with the 
thotisands who knew him, I hold in grateful remembrance 
the share I had of that great heart, whose everv pulsation 
was of kindness and love. 

His life is the ideal for which the youth of our country 
should strive. In his intercourse with men he was all that 
stands for sterling manhood, and he surrounded his home 
with a halo of purit^■ and love. 

By his own endeavors he became a captain of industry 
and the foremost statesman of his time. Cruelly carica- 
ttired as the enemy of labor, vilified and misunderstood, he 
lived at last to hear the cheers of labor hailing him as its 
champion, and to realize he had won the confidence of the 
whole people. He discouraged the efforts of his friends to 
elevate him to the highest office in the gift of the people, 
and said he preferred to spend the remaining years of his 
life in the consummation of a better understanding between 
capital and labor. Here, indeed, is an example of devotion 
to the cause of mankind that had no other consideration 
than that which comes from a consciousness of welldoing, 
a heritage of which anv man may well be proud. 



122 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

Mr. Haxxa was modest and unassuming, vet possessed 
of tliat nervous energ-y that begets success. He lo\ed his 
friends and was ever willing to labor for them. Their 
success was his keenest pleasure, and with them he felt the 
sting of defeat. And, Mr. President, it was this godlike 
trait that rallied the legions to his cause. 

The Middle West had heard of Mr. H.\xxa prior to 
1896, and when the Republican convention of that vear 
met at St. Louis I .sought him out that I might know him 
better. The impression he made was that of a born leader 
of men— kindly, forceful, honest, and just. His frankness 
inspired confidence, his abilit>- commanded respect, and his 
knable nature won all who knew him as a friend. 

In the memorable campaign of 1896 he demonstrated a 
new kind of politics. Hini.self a successful business man, 
he contended that business methods could be applied with 
equal success to politics. The organization of the Repub- 
lican party of that year was a marvel of completeness. He 
was a master of detail, and no point, howe\er obscure, was 
neglected in the consideration of a proposition. 

Mr. Haxxa'.s .service in the Senate is one of the bright- 
est pages in his career. Here we fount! him a careful and 
conservative legislator, broad in his views, and kind and 
considerate of others. He enjoyed tlie confidence of his 
colleagues, and the whole people came to regard him as a 
stale.snian of the highest integrity, and one in whose judg- 
ment every reliance could be placed. 

Mut, Mr. President, however great Mi. 1 1 anna was as a 
public .servant, it was eclip.sed in his domestic life. Here, 
indeed, w.- fiu.l the genial ho.st, the lovable hu.sban.i and 



Address of Mr. Kcarns^ of Utah 123 

father, traits that shine brightly in the crown his friends 
have made for him. 

And when, Mr. President, all else of him has been for- 
gotten, the evergreen of his career will be the love he bore 
his fellow-man. Like Abou ben Adhem, his name leads 
all the rest. 



1 24 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 



Address of Mr. Dick, of Ohio 

Mk. Presidknt and Sknatoks : E) very friend of Sena- 
tor Hanna, and they were lejjion. will thank yon for your 
tribntcs of respect and yonr words of affection. This grati- 
tude may never find outward expression, but in their behalf, 
and especially for C)hio — that grand old State to which he 
was devoted, which in turn was devoted to him — I grate- 
fulK thank yon. This assumed duty will be pardoned, I 
am sure, when it is realized or remembered that to me this 
man was like an older brother. 

Marci'S a. Hanna, born September 24, 1S37, in New 
Lisbon, Columbiana Comity, Ohio, died in Washington, 
February 15, 1904, in the discharge of his duties as Senator 
from his native State. It was not his fortune to be born 
in poverty, nor did affluence in early years hinder his growth 
and development. He belonged to the great middle class 
of fairly well-to-do Americans, who are richest perhaps in 
their descent from long lines nf stnnh, intilligent. God- 
fearing ancestors. 

If, as has been .said, God sifted the whole world to find 
men wortln the high calling of founding a new nation, as 
truK' ma\ it be .said that all the original States of the Fed- 
eral I'nion contributed to the making of Ohio, the first 
State of the nineteenth century, tlie first new State formed 
out of national territory. Here converge<l nearh all the 



Address of Mr. Dick, of O/u'o 125 

early lines of continental travel. Here came the Pnritan 
and the Cavalier, the Scotch-Irish, and those of pure Teu- 
tonic and (jallic blood ; Lutheran, Presbyterian, Catholic, 
and Quaker. Connecticut bounded the State on the north, 
and Massachusetts and New Jersey and Virginia on the 
south. New York, Pennsylvania, and \'irginia furnished 
generous contributions to her population. 

The abolition of slavery in the Northwest Territor}- drew 
to Ohio some of the best blood of the far vSouth. All these 
coalesced to form a type of stalwart, intensely patriotic 
Americans. Here the tide of western migration halted for 
a time. It is by no accident that Ohio has furnished so 
many distinguished sons to the galax}- of our national 
heroes. The cause is found in the circumstances of her 
birth and development, in the composite character of her 
earh' settlers. 

Mr. Hanna was a type of that mixture of elements so 
characteristic of his State. In his family is to be found 
Scotch-Irish, Cavalier and Puritan, Presbyterian and Quaker 
stock. His ancestors were pioneers. Thev were among 
the more hardy and venturesome spirits of the older settle- 
ments who followed the frontier as it receded westward. 

The father was a country ph}-sician, who left a good prac- 
tice in eastern Ohio and moved farther west, to Cleveland, 
then a town of fair promise, and engaged in merchandising 
because of the wider field it offered for achieving success. 
In his father's store the future Senator received his first 
training in business. The beginnings were small but pros- 
perous. He spent a year in the Western Reser\-e College, 
with what benefit to himself he declared he never felt certain. 



126 Life and CJiaracter of Marcus A. Ha una 

though he doubtless builded more wisely tluui he knew. 
He ser\-ed a brief enlistment in the Union armies. The 
\ears which immediately followed were }ears of commercial 
upbuilding and expansion. His training was in the prol> 
lenis which confront the man of large affairs. He learned 
to seize the strategic points of business growth and success. 

Thus he spent nearly a lifetime in business and with 
scarceh- a thoiight for other matters. By his hard common 
.sense he won the confidence of his associates and was a 
leader among ihcm. He had the tremendous personal 
force of an aggressive mentalit\\ He was as .stalwart in 
mind as he was in body. His strength lay largely in the 
directness of his methods. He was a masterful man, 
possessing at all times definite aims in life. He saw with 
a clear eye, and was able by force of intellect and character 
to make other men think as he did. He was a man who 
accomplished results, a leader who led. His business 
methods were conser\-ati\e. He was never a speculator, 
except as all business is a venture. He was constructive, 
but not a promoter. 

He developed great e.\ecuti\e ability and built up great 
business enterprises which sur\ive him. He .selected his 
lieutenants, apportioned the work, directed in a general 
way without burdening his mind with details, and looked 
with confidence for results. He did not have the patience 
fur infinite detail, but the greater power of conceiving and 
executing great undertakings. His success was the result 
of lung years of ])reparatiou. He commanded siicce.ss 
becau.se he deserved it. (irowing weallli developed in him 
the kindlier and more humane side. He <M\e frech' and 



Address of Mr. Dick, of Ohio 127 

cheerfully, but modestly and without show. His charitv 
was discriminating. His daily life was wholesome and 
clean, his pleasures were simple, his tastes natural. He 
was a most useful man to his community, but his mettle 
was yet untried. 

At an age when most successful men think of retiring to 
pass the remainder of their \-ears in ease and quiet he 
stepped into a larger field of action which immediately 
brought him into public notice. His motive for entering 
politics was as unusual as his success was remarkable. He 
sought not to advance himself, but to advance others. His 
friendship for Garfield led h.im to take an increasing inter- 
est in politics ; his love for ^IcKink'\- absorbed his entire 
being. His devotion was unselfish and unwearying. The 
story of this mutual attachment is one of the idyls of 
American politics. With the same farseeing vision which 
marked his judgment in business affairs he predicted the 
ele\-ation of his chosen leader. 

Politics became for a time the passion of his life. He 
laid his plans far in advance and organized his forces with 
consummate skill. The victory he won in the preconven- 
tion campaign of 1896 was so complete that it obscured the 
magnitude of the struggle. Success was so overwhelming 
that one was tempted to forget there had been a struggle. 
No man who participated therein, however, could make that 
mistake. A political campaign followed which alarmed 
the country and made business interests anxious. More 
mone\- was offered him for the purpose of waging the con- 
test than could be used. The statement of his expendi- 
tures could safelv have been disclosed to the whole world. 



128 Life and Character of Marcus A. I fauna 

He handled lar^^e sums in the conduct of two national cam- 
paigns, but spent it all for education and organization. He 
was willing to give much for these purposes, but not a 
dollar for corruption. He brought business methods into 
politics, the direct, simple business methods of an honest, 
God-fearing, American business man. 

If he married business to ]X)litics, it was becau.se he 
brought to politics the .same honesty, directness, and 
straightforwardness essential to business success. This 
country need never fear commercialism in politics as long 
as commercialism stands for Senator H.\NX.\'s methods and 
practices. Business men had been in politics before, but 
the advent of tliis business man with his frank, open meth- 
ods came as a surprise and something of a shock to many 
jjarty workers. He was a captain of industry who com- 
manded his lieutenants. He was accustomed to say to this 
man, "Go," and he went; to another man, "Come," and he 
came. He managed campaigns the same way, and the 
innovation was not at first entirely acceptable. The ways 
of political managers had been looked upon as devious and 
secret; their comings and goings subterranean and noctur- 
nal. He brought daylight into dark places, conducted his 
first national campaign as he planned and carried on indus- 
trial undertakings. The stockholders always had access to 
llic books. Tliis is a commercial era, and if he brouglil 
business methods into ])olitics, who will sa\ it Ikls not been 
to the j^Teal aihantage of ])olitics? 

The only pulilical oflice he ever helil, excejit membership 
in the school board of the oily of liis a(lo]ition, was a seat 
in this bod\. He was still serving his first full term ami 



Address of Mr. Dick, of Ohio 129 

had been elected to another. The contrast between the cir- 
cumstances attending these two elections marks the prog- 
ress of popular knowledge of the man. In both campaigns 
he was indorsed by the State convention of his party, the 
nearest practical approach, perhaps, to election to the Sen- 
ate by direct vote of the people. At the first election the 
margin of party success was narrow, but apparenth' entirely 
sufficient until factious opposition raised its ugly head 
within his own party. Men high in its confidence and 
enjoying honors granted at its hands joined to defeat the 
expressed will of the people. There was no scheme too 
desperate to be resorted to. 

The intensity and bitterness of that struggle no one can 
appreciate who was not a part of it. It required an upris- 
ing of the people in their majesty and wrath to register the 
verdict which they had instructed. The people spoke, and 
in no uncertain terms. B\- resolutions and delegations and 
infonnally appointed committees they assailed those who 
were dallying with dishonor or were listening to golden- 
tongued tempters. They did not speak in vain, and the 
State was spared the misfortune, and worse, of violated 
instructions and tainted honor. Six years later he was the 
candidate of a united party for reelection. The State con- 
vention again declared him the nominee of his party. He 
was now its acknowledged leader and idol, and the chief 
issue in the campaign. The result was an overwhelming 
personal triumph. He was returned to this body by the 
largest majority ever given in the State of Ohio. 

Senator H.\nna was not merely a scholar; he was more 
than that; he was a thinker who did not permit others to 
S. Doc. 321, 58-2 9 



130 Life and Character of Mar ens A. Hanna 

think for liiin, and lie i)Ut his best thoujjht in his daih- life. 
He was not an orator in the sense that polished paragraph 
and state])- language makes an orator, and he ne\-er prepared 
a set speech. When he first attempted to speak in public 
he .spoke haltingly and hesitatingly, but practice gave him 
power. He developed amazingly in the faculty of apt and 
forceful e.xpression. .Much speaking gave him ease and 
self-confidence. He developed the power that was within 
him and became a convincing speaker. He believed what 
he said and said it in a way that carried con\iction. When 
he spoke it was from a full heart and a mind richh- .stored 
with his subject. He talked the speech of common, ever\-- 
day life, the vernacular of the plain people; and he talked 
to them, not over them. He had the gift of homel\- jihrase, 
and these phrases often crxstallized into campaign cries. 
He used language to express thought, not to conceal it; 
speech was given him not to hide truth, but to proclaim it. 
Few public speakers have been more popular, ha\e drawn 
larger audiences, or moved them more profoundh-. 

The enthusiasm and devotion he awakened are <>nl\ jw.s- 
sible to .strong men. As he was loyal to others, .so were his 
friends lo\al to him. Tho.se who knew him best loved him 
most. The Old C.uard was not more faithful to Xapoleon 
than Mr. H.\nn.\"s friends were to him. 

l)n we realize the great handicap of wealth — that no man 
with the pos,se.ssions he accjuired e\er rose to great national 
estate? He achieved greatness not because of his wealth, 
but in spile of il. No man ever grew .so rapidly in influ- 
ence and power, anil n<> man who entered jiolilics .so late in 
life ever rt)se .so high. Success and high station in politics, 



Addrcsi of Mr. Dick, of Ohio 131 

as a rule, come only to those who ha\'e served an appren- 
ticeship in lower places. He sprang, full panoplied and 
equipped, into the arena of national activit\'. 

We seek for comparisons, but none can be made, because 
no man achie\-ed so great a success who was in public life 
as short a time as he was. Xo other man who wrought in 
the double field of industry and politics ever achieved so 
great a success in both. He applied the straightforward, 
honest methods of upright business dealing to aiTairs of 
part\- and of state. The comitry was surprised, doubted, 
and then applauded. He re\'olutionized politics by putting 
it on a business basis. He interested business in politics, 
to the distinct advantage of the latter. 

He was distinctly the product of his day and generation — 
a typical American of the latter part of the nineteenth cen- 
turv. He was constructive in politics and in legislation, 
aa he was in business. He was interested in building up 
instead of tearing down. 

His greatest achievement in this body of which record 
appears was in converting a hostile majority to favor the 
route for an isthmian canal which his judgment declared 
was the best. He came to this conclusion only after most 
thorough investigation. When he entered upon this con- 
test few of the ^Members of Congress agreed with him. The 
claims of the other route had been written into party plat- 
forms, and he was told that his efforts would be futile. He 
entered upon the contest with all the zeal and energ\- of hi.s 
strong nature. B\- personal appeals, by labors in committee 
and on this floor, he urged his views. The country as well 
as Congress, when the final judgment was reached, was con- 



132 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

verted to his views and no one louo^er seriously questions 
the soundness of that position. 

It is jj^i\en to few men to complete the tasks they set 
before them. Man's plans are not often God's plans. Lin- 
coln .saw the end of anned strife, but it was not jjiven his 
sublime jiatience to .solve the trying problems which follow- 
ed. We had not >et drunk the cup of bitterness to the 
dregs. McKinley .saw the end of armed opposition to our 
national authorit) at the close of another war, but was taken 
away leaving many vital problems unsolved. Mr. H.\xx.\ 
did much ; few men did so much in such a brief term, but 
his greatest ta.sk lay before him. Busine.ss .success and po- 
litical preferment became to him means to an end. He felt 
the necessity of saner methods for settling disputes between 
labor and capital. He (k-\oted him.self to the cau.se of in- 
dustrial peace and social justice. To this great end he had 
con.secrated the rest of his life, and had arranged his busi- 
ne.ss affairs that they need no longer engage his attention. 
He repeatedly declared he would rather settle the labor pro- 
l)leni than l)e President. 

Labor grew to trust him, to abide by his judgment, 
realizing his friendship based on long years of ser\-ice. In a 
political addre.ss delivered in .Vshtabula, where he employed 
many tiiou.sand men, he declared, " If I have ever wronged 
any man in ni\' employ I will resign my seat." That chal- 
lenge went unaccejJted. He wronged no man; ga\e nt> man 
just cau.se for offense. His own employees felt his sympa- 
thy. He had .stooil in tlie wa\- of projected businejis con- 
.solidations which threatened to .sacrifice men who had grown 
gray in iiis .service. He declined to accumulate greater 



Address of Mr. Dick, of Ohio 133 

wealth at the expense of those who had helped him build up 
his fortunes. This showed the great heart of the man — his 
tender, sympathetic interest in his fellow-men. The greatest 
good he did was what he accomplished and tried to accom- 
plish to solve the great industrial problem. His greatest 
ser\-ice there lay in making labor and capital better ac- 
quainted. He was the great peacemaker. In this field there 
is no one to take his place, no one so high as he in the con- 
fidence of interests which oppose each other because they do 
not understand each other. 

Mr. Hanx.\'s response to his physicians' appeal to help 
them, made in his last illness, was characteristic of the man, 
"I'll do the best I can." He always did the best he could, 
always contended with all his might. He was the sturdy 
fig-hter who washed war not merely to win but to overwhelm 
his antagonist. While he did not seek such conflicts, he 
did not avoid them. Once involved, the martial spirit in 
him rose to battle pitch. He fought in the open, gave hard 
blows, and took them manfully. He fought to conquer and 
to conquer overwhelmingly, but, truce declared and peace 
effected, he harbored no resentment and punished no enemies. 
He not merely forgave, he forgot. 

True, he was not satisfied with a narrow margin of vic- 
tory ; it must be decisive. Even when success was abso- 
lutely assured he did not relax in his efforts in the least. 
This feeling was misunderstood and led to misconception, 
and was the great source of the excess of caricature from 
which he suffered. He needed only to be thoroughly known 
to be vindicated of all charges. Kindlier • feelings and 
a more generous appreciation succeeded to di.strust and 



134 /-'/'■ "'"'' Character of Marat s A. Hauua 

inali<fnily. \'ituperatioii and abuse recoiled from him. He 
went his way serene, cahn, cheerful, and undisturbed. It 
was his good fortune to live to .see all the .shafts of malice 
blunted and turned back on his assailers. For eight years 
the strong .searchlight of infinite inquiry was focused upon 
him, but nothing mean or small was ever di.sclosed. His 
life was an open book, every page as clean as the first. 

He had no .secret longings for other political honors. He 
was great enough to put aside any such ambition, and was 
ne\or greater than in resisting the flattery of those who 
would have made him a national standard bearer. The 
public will know but little of the great pressure brought 
to bear upon him to accept this crown, nor did he, like 
Cresar, refuse each time wiili less and less insistence. He 
was firm to llie last, l)ecau.se he felt he was following the 
palli ill wliich liis duly la\ . He had given his word he 
would not be a candidate, and he kept his faith. 

Measure him from whatever point you choose, his sturdy 
honesty shines preeminent. The arts of the demagogue he 
scorned. He liated all sliams and artifice. He had no 
.secret, dark-chamber method of achieving results. He did 
not win by intrigue. He worked in the open ; his methods 
might at any time have been laid bare to the gaze of the 
world. There was no secret in his handling of men. He 
was honest, frank, sincere, sympathetic, friendly. His 
friendships were not confined witl)in the narrow circle of 
])art\' ])t>litics, for he gained the admiration and resix-ct of 
those wlio would not agree with him. His honesty and 
sincerity no one could douljl. If he was devoted to any 
cause, it was on account of its righteousness and justice, as 



Address of Mr. Dick, of Ohio 135 

he viewed it. He never concealed personal and selfish aims 
under the guise of advocating public measures. He was 
frank and open in his relations to all legislation. He did 
not look to the shifting weather vane of public opinion to 
find direction to guide his steps. 

What seemed right to him he did. He never lacked the 
courage of his con\-ictions. He was modest and unassum- 
ing. He never sought applause, and never carried himself 
to be seen of men. He won no victories on the field of 
battle ; he did not fill the seat of highest authorit}', but he 
was a pillar of the State. 

He was to a marked degree a well-balanced man, a man 
sane in all the relations of life. It follows that he was 
hopeful and optimistic. Cheerfulness and good nature were 
the ver\' essence of his being. He bore with him at all 
times the atmosphere of love and sunshine. He was square, 
brave, and true ; a great, tender-hearted, manly man. No 
one was ever deceived by his bluffness of speech when the 
beaming- e\e and kindh- smile belied the sen.se of his words. 
The catholicit}- of his interests and sympathies was as 
boundless as his charities. He had some faults that are 
common to most men, but he possessed virtues so rare as to 
challenge recognition and admiration. 

He passed away in the height of his power and influence, 
secure in the knowledge that he was known and honored by 
the whole country, that all misunderstanding and miscon- 
ception had pa.ssed away; looked up to by one vast set of 
interests as its shield and by another as its sincere friend 
and true adviser. Not all he advocated in this Chamber 
has been enacted into legislation, but whether all his hopes 



136 /.//( and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

are e\er realized in tlie future or not, the projects in which 
he was interested will e\er be associated with his name. 
Death was his first defeat. .\ nation grieved at his bedside 
and prayed for his recoven*-. The tears shed for his loss 
were jjenuine and heartfelt. 

No man who made so brief a passage across the theater 
of our national life e\er left a stronger impress on his day 
and age in e\er\- walk of life in which he took an interest. 
It is too .soon to detenninehis rightful place in the valhalla 
of our national heroes, but it is certain that the impartial 
biographer will record him a great party leader, a .statesman 
of high rank, a patriot of purest loyalty. 

The I'kksidext pro tempore. The question is on agree- 
ing to the resolutions submitted by the senior Senator from 
Ohio. 

The resolutions were unanimously agreed to 

Mr. FoR.\KKR. Mr. President, I move, as a further mark 
of respect to the memon- of the departed, that the Senate 
do now adjourn. 

The motion was unanimously agreed to; and (at 4 o'clock 
and 2,^ minutes p. m. ) the Senate adjourned until to-mor- 
row, Friday, .\pril S, 1904, at 12 o'clock meridian. 

.MESSAGK FROM TIIK HOISK 

Ai'Rii. 25, 1904. 
Till nies.sage al.so transmitted to the vSenate the resolu- 
tions of the Hou.sc of Repre.sentatives on the life and public 
.ser\'ices of Hon. Marcis A. Hanna, late a Senator from 
the State of Ohio. 



PROCEEDINGS IN THE HOUSE 

TuE.SDAY, FcbrucDy i6, 1904. 

The HoiTse met at 12 o'clock m. 

The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the 
following prayer: 

Onr Father who art in heaven, we come to thee bowed 
in sorrow and in grief becanse a great and useful man, a 
faithful servant of the people, has been taken from us. 
Yet we come with perfect faith and confidence in thee as a 
wise, just, and merciful Ruler, who doeth all things for the 
good of thy children. 

Help us, we beseech thee, to learn the lesson thou 
wouldst teach in the life and death of this man, that we 
may be faithful to our calling and gain the confidence and 
esteem of our fellow-men. 

Be very near to the bereaved wife, the mourning family, 
and to those who were near and dear to him by the ties of 
friendship. Comfort them by the blessed hope of the life 
to come in Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. 

MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE 

A message from the Senate, bv Mr. Parkinson, its read- 
ing clerk, announced that the Senate had passed the follow- 
ing resolutions; 

Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of the death 
of the Hon. MARCUS A. Hann.\, late a Senator from the State of Ohio. 

137 



138 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hainia 

Resolved, That a commillc-e of twenl\ -five Senators, of whom the Presi- 
dent pro tempore sliall be one, he appointed by the presiding officer to 
take order for superintendinjj the funeral of Mr. Hanna, which shall take 
place in the Senate Chamlier at 12 o'clock m., on Wednesday, February 
17th, instant, and that the Senate will attend the same. 

Resolved, That as a further mark of respect his remains l>e removeil 
from Washinjjcton to Cleveland. < )liio. for burial, in charge of the Sergeant- 
at-.\nns, attendeil by the committee, who shall have full ix>wer to earn,- 
these resolutions into efTect; and that the neces.sary exjjenses in connec- 
tion therewith be paiil out of the contingent fund of the Senate. 

Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these proceedings to the 
House of Representatives and invite the House of Representatives to 
attend the funeral in the Senate Chamber, and to appoint a committee to 
act with the committee of the Senate. 

Resolved, That invitations \k extended to the President of the United 
States and the members of his Cabinet, the Chief Justice and associate 
justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, the <iiplomatic corps 
(through the Secretary of State), the Admiral of the Navy, and the Lieu- 
tenant-Cieneral of the .\rmy to attend the funeral in the Senate Chamtjer. 

And that in compliance with the foregoino the presiding 
officer had appointed a.>^ .said committee Mr. Fryc, Mr. 
Foraker, Mr. Allison, Mr. Aldrich, .Mr. Hale, Mr. Piatt of 
Connecticut, Mr. Spooner, Mr. Perkins, Mr. Wetmore, Mr. 
Hansbrongh, Mr. Warren, Mr. Fairbanks, Mr. Depew, Mr. 
Kean, Mr. Scott, Mr. Beveridge, Mr. .A.lger, Mr. Kittredge, 
Mr. Gorman, Mr. Cockrell, Mr. Teller, Mr. Bacon, Mr. 
Martin, Mr. Blackburn, and Mr. McEnerA'. 

Mr. ("ikOSVKNOK. Mr. Speaker, I a.sk imanimons consent 
that when the House adjourn to-day it adjourn to meet at 
1 1.45 to-)norrow. 

The Si'K.\KKk. The gentleman from Ohio asks unani- 
mous consent that when the House adjonni to-dav it adjourn 
to meet at 11.45 -i- '"• tcvmorrow. Is there objection? 
[After a i)au.se.] The Chair hears none. 



Proceedings in the House 139 

February 16, 1904. 

death of hon. marcus a. haxxa 

Mr. Grosvenor. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following 
resolutions, and ask their immediate consideration. 
The Speaker. The Clerk will report the .same. 
The Clerk read as follows: 

Resolved, That the House of Representatives has heard with profound 
sorrow of the death of the Hon. JI.\RCi'S .\. H.\nna, a Senator of the 
United States from the State of Ohio. 

Resolved, That the House of Representatives accepts the invitation of 
the Senate to attend the funeral services of the late Hon. JIarcus .\. 
H.\NN.\, to be held in the Senate Chamber to-morrow, at 12 o'clock noon, 
and that the Speaker of the House appoint a committee of thirty Jlembers 
to act in conjunction with a committee of the Senate to make the neces- 
sary arrangements and accompany the remains to the place of burial. 

Resolved, That as a further mark of respect the House do now adjourn. 

The resolutions were unanimoush' agreed to. 

The Speaker announced the following committee: Mr. 
Grosvenor, Mr. Van Voorhis, Mr. Burton, Mr. Southard, 
Mr. Dick, Mr. Morgan, Mr. Beidler, Mr. Cassingham, Mr. 
Hildebrandt, Mr. Kyle, ]\Ir. Nevin, Air. Snook, Mr. War- 
nock, Mr. Badger, ]\Ir. Garber, Mr. Goebel, j\Ir. Jackson, of 
Ohio, Mr. Kennedy, ]\Ir. Longworth, Mr. Weems, Mr. 
Hemenway, Mr. Bartlett, Air. Lucking, Mr. Wiley, of 
Alabama, Mr. Dalzell, Mr. Watson, Air. Burke, Air. Currier, 
Air. Sherman, Air. Rodenberg, Air. AlcCleary, of Alinnesota, 
and Air. Calderhead. 

Accordingly, in compliance with the order previously 
made, the House (at 12 o'clock and 54 minutes p. m.) ad- 
journed until to-morrow at 1 1 o'clock and 45 minutes a. m. 



140 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ilauiia 

Wednesday, February ij, 1904. 

Till.- House met at 11.45 ^- '"•' '^i'^ ^^''^'' called to order 
by tlie Speaker. 

The Chaplain, Rev. Henr>- X. Couden, D. D.. ofTered the 
followinjr prayer: 

We thank thee, our heavenly Father who art in heaven, 
for those finer and more delicate qualities of the .soul which 
lift us above the sordid in life in times of calamity or 
great sorrow and make the whole world akjn. Sanctify 
the solemn ser\'ices of this day to our good, and help us to 
remember that we must work while it is yet day, for the 
nitrht cometh when no man can labor. 

Hear us and .so watch o\er us and guide us that our 
work mav be acceptable unto thee, through Christ our 
Lord, .\nien. 

The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and 
approved. 

OBSEQUIES OK TIIK I..\Tlv SENATOR HAXX.\ 

In accordance wiili the invitation of the Senate and the 
order adopted 1)\ the House on yesterday, the members and 
officers of tlie House proceeded in a bod\ to the Senate 
Chamber to attend the funeral services of the late Hon. 
Marcis a. Hanna. 

.\t the conclusion of the .ser\ioes tlu- nu iiilxrs returned to 
the Hall uf Re])re.sentatives. 

Mr. I'avm:. Mr. Sjjcaker, as a further mark of respect to 
the deceased Senator, 1 mo\e that tlie House do now 
adjourn. 



Proceedings in the House 141 

The motion was agreed to; and accordingly (at i o'clock 
and 3 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until to-morrow 
at 12 o'clock noon. 

message from the senate 

April 7, 1904. 
The message also announced that the Senate had passed 
the following resolutions: 

Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of the death 
of the Hon. M.\RCUS A. H.\nn.\, late a Senator from the State of Ohio. 

Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the 
business of the Senate be now suspended to enable his associates to pay 
proper tribute to his high character and distinguished public services. 

Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House 
of Representatives. 

Resolved, That as a further mark of respect at the conclusion of the 
exercises the Senate adjourn. 

April 15, 1904. 

eulooies on the late sen.\tor hanna and the late 
hon. w. w. skiles 

Mr. Grosvenor. Mr. Speaker 

The Speaker. For what purpose does the gentleman 
rise? 

Mr. Grosvenor. I desire to a.sk unanimous consent that 
Sunday, April 24, a session of the House being already 
ordered, may be set apart for eulogies upon the life and 
character of the late deceased Senator Hanna and Hon. 
W. W. Skiles, late a Member of this House. By arrange- 
ment with the gentleman from .Vlabama [Mr. Wiley] the 
exercises incident to that day will not come in conflict with 
those I have now requested. 



142 Life aud Characlcr of Marcus A. Hatma 

The Speaker. Is there objection? As tlic Chair under- 
stands, the gentleman proposes that the House shall meet 
at 12 o'clock on Snnday, the 24th. 

Mr. Grosvexor. At 12 o'clock, Mr. Speaker. 

The Spe.^ker. The Chair hears no objection, and it is 
so ordered. 

Mr. Sm.\i.i.. Mr. Speaker, I think the special order is for 
2 o'clock. 

Mr. (iROSVEXOR. Ye.s. 

Mr. UxuERWOoi). I understand gentlemen have arranged 
with the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. Wiley] so that 
there will be no conflict. 

Mr. fiROSVEXOR. Yes: I have arranged willi the gentle- 
man from Alabama [Mr. Wi]e\]. We have agreed about 
the matter. 



MEMORIAL ADDRESSES 

Sunday, April _v, 1Q04. 

The House met at 12 o'clock in. 

The following; prayer was offered b>' the Chaplain, Rev. 
Henrj- N. Couden, D. D.: 

Eternal and everliving God, onr Heavenly Father, we 
thank thee for that deep and ever-abiding faith which 
thou hast implanted in the hearts of men, and which has 
inspired the true, the noble, the brave of every age with 
patriotic zeal and fervor, bringing light out of darkness, 
order out of chaos, liberty out of bondage, and thus con- 
tributing here a little, there a little, to the splendid ci\-iliza- 
tion of our age. Especialh- do we thank thee for that long 
line of illustrious men who li\-ed and wrought, suffered and 
died that our Republic, with all its sacred institutions, 
might live. And to-day we are reminded of that host of 
statesmen whose names have been connected with the 
Congress of our nation, where deeds of heroism ha\-e been 
enacted no less onerous than on the field of glory. And, 
gathered here to-day in memory of those whom their col- 
leagues would immortalize, may the heart guide the tongue 
that truth may live to inspire those who shall come after 
them, and God grant that we may live so pure, so true, so 
noble, that men will rise up and call us bles.sed, and passing 
on we may find a glorious reward awaiting us in the realms 

143 



144 Mein oria I . -/ ddresses 

of eternal day. And pjtans of praise we will ever give to 
thee, in the name of Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. 

The Journal of yesterday's proceedings \\as read and 
appro\-ed. 

Mr. Gkosvenok. Mr. Speaker. I offer for adoption the 
following resolutions: 

Tlie Clerk read as follows: 

Reioh'fd, That the business of the House be now suspended that oppor- 
tunity may be given for paying tribute to the meniorj- of Hon. Marci'S 
.\. Hann.\, late a Senator of the United States from the State of Ohio. 

Re'solved, That as a particular mark of respect to tho memory of the 
deceased Senator, and in recognition of his distinguished public career, 
the House at the conclusion of the exercises of this day shall stand 
adjourned. 

Kt solved, That the Clerk conmmnicate these resolutions to the Senate. 

Rt'solz'ed, That the Clerk send a copy of these resolutions to the family 
of the deceased. 

The Speaker. Tlie question is on agreeing to the reso- 
lutions. 

The question was taken, and the resolutions were unani- 
mously agreed to. 



Address of Mr. Longicorih.^ of Ohio 145 



Address or Mr. Longworth, of Ohio 

Mr. Speaker: In the very brief period that I shall 
occupy I shall attempt to do nothing more than merely 
to record myself as one of those who have assembled here 
to-day to pay the last tribute of loving respect to the 
memory of Senator Marcus A. Hanna. The Senate of 
the United States has heretofore met for the same purpose, 
and have paid affectionate tribute to the memory of their 
late comrade. The legislature of the State of Ohio, which 
so short a time ago that it seems only yesterday met to 
pay to him the highest honor that they ever paid any man 
in the- history of the State of Ohio, have within a few days 
again met to pay to him the last farewell. The country 
has spoken, and there is but little left to say. But upon 
this solemn occasion, when we of the House have met to 
add our voice to the voices of those who have spoken with 
eulogy of Marcus A. Hanxa, I count it as a pri\ilege to 
be permitted to say one brief word which, although but 
too inadequate, as I well realize, is none the less sincere 
and heartfelt. 

In all the eulogies that I have read and have heard pro- 
nounced — and they have come from the most eminent men 
of the country — the thing that has most impressed me, what 
has seemed to me to be the dominant note, has been that of 
admiration for Senator Haxna not only because he was a 
S. Doc. 321, 58-2 10 



146 Life and Character of Ma feus A. Hanna 

great statesman and a great and dominant figure in Ameri- 
can business and in American politics, but an admiration 
for his qualities as a man ; and I know of no one in Ameri- 
can liistor\- who so preeminently combined in his make-up 
those qualities which the American people call "manly." 
His tremendous popularity among the people is all the more 
remarkable because he was not of a type that usually make 
the poi)ular idol. He wa.s not a great general, though he 
served honorabh- in the .Vrnu of his country. He was nt)l a 
great orator of the kind that sway men's souls and passions, 
though he was a speaker of great clearness and of immen.se 
force. He was not the father of, in the .sen.se of having his 
name inevitably connected with, any great public policy. 
It was not because of those qualities which usually appeal 
to men's hearts that the American people loved him. It 
was because they saw in him the typification of that simple, 
honest, energetic American manhood that has made this 
country the greatest among the nations of the earth. 

Since the sad day in which this great man passed away 
men of all creeds, of all degrees, the high and low, rich 
and poor, have lifted up their \oices in eulogy of Senator 
H.A.NNA. Great orators have delivered elo<jueut orations; 
great writers have contributed literar)- gems; but to my 
mind the most eloquent and touching of all wa.s that 
unspoken eulogy, if one may be i)ermitted to use such an 
expre.ssion, of the ])eople in the cil\ of Cleveland, men and 
women, who stood for hours in the snow, with the ther- 
mometer at the zero ])oint, waiting to get one last look at 
the features of their well-beloved fellow-citizen; tho.se 
lK-o]jle who lined the stntts and with ban-d heads and 



Address of Mr. Longwortli, of Ohio 147 

aching hearts watched the funeral cortege pass on its way 
to the final resting place; those miners all over the State 
of Ohio who at the hour of the funeral laid aside their 
picks and shovels and joined with those far away in a last 
tribute of farewell to the man who had proved himself 
their friend. 

To myself the death of Senator Hanna came as a per- 
sonal loss. I believe that the first serious thought that I 
ever had of entering upon a political career came as a 
restilt of a conversation I once had with him in this Capi- 
tol, shortly after his election to the Senate, in which he 
.said that he thought it the dut\- of every young man to 
whom it was in any way possible to take an interest in 
the political questions of the day and to ally himself 
actively with one of the great parties. 

Since that time he was always ready with adx'ice and 
counsel, and his unvarying kindliness to me I shall always 
remember with gratitude and with pride. It was my good 
fortune to be especially intimately associated with Senator 
Hanxa during the last campaign in Ohio, when as chair- 
man of the speakers' bureau I had charge of his routine 
and of the arrangement of his meetings, and I ha\-e often 
thousfht that his tremendous labors at that time mav have 
contributed to hasten his last illness. With an energy that 
seemed almost superhuman he insisted in filling not only 
those appointments which were made for him by the com- 
mittee, but also in adding more in response to requests that 
the committee had refu.sed, and he did so, I have always 
thought, not so much with the desire to gain votes, although 
he was devoted to his cau.se and inten.seh- partisan, but 



148 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

because he wanted to oblige his friends. The name of 
Marcus A. Hanxa will doubtless go down through his- 
tor\- as one of the great men and unquestionably the most 
forceful individual figure of his day; but his friends will 
keep his memory green, not onh' because he was a great 
leader and a great statesman, but because he was a simple, 
kindly, big-hearted American gentleman, who always kept 
his word and ne\'er went back on a friend. 



Address q/ Mr. Cassiiighain^ of Ohio 149 



Address of Mr. Cassingham, of Omo 

Mr. Speaker: My first knowledge of Senator Hanna 
was secured years ago before he became particularly active 
or prominent in State politics, his attention at that time 
being directed almost entirely to the coal and iron business, 
with which he was identified. 

At the time I refer to I merely knew him by sight and 
as one of the influential business men of the city of Cleve- 
land, Ohio. My impression of him at that time was that 
he was a man of a stern and distant nature, in whose pres- 
ence I, at least, would not feel comfortable. I also enter- 
tained the opinion at that time that he was possessed of but 
little sympathy for what is known as the " labor element." 
These opinions of mine were strengthened by newspaper 
references to him after his entrance into and prominence 
in national politics as the manager of IMr. McKinley's 
political interests. 

One day, after my election to Congress, in passing his 
office with a Democratic Member of this body, my com- 
panion suggested that we should go in to see Senator 
Hanna, to which I objected, being largly influenced in 
my judgment b\- the impressions I have just referred to 
with reference to his stern character. However, we went 
in and I am glad to sa)- that the kindly manner in which 
he received us entire!)- dissipated the erroneous opinions 
that r had previously formed concerning his character. 



150 Life and Character 0/ Marcus A. Ilaima 

After that interview I could readily see why he had 
become the great political leader that he was. His sturdy 
steadfastness to friends, his kindly nature, and his recog- 
nized abilit\- were the magnetic influences that drew men 
to him and held them there. 

His antagonism to the labor element was frequently 
commented upon in the section of the countr)- where I 
reside during the period of his early attention to State 
politics, b)it as the sphere of his influence broadened into 
national politics this belief disappeared, and for some time 
prior to his death he held a place in the esteem of the 
laboring cla.ss equaled b\- few, if any, men in public life. 
( )n the da>- of his burial at his home city the evidences of 
the high esteem and regard in which he was held by all 
classes, especially b\' the labor class, were striking features 
of that .sad occasion. 

The Democratic party recognized him as an able political 
antagonist, one who not only enjoyed the confidence of the 
sulxstantial and corporate interests of the country but also 
tlial of the great army of wage-earners. 

The bulletins describing his condition during his last 
illness were watclied with interest by persons in all con- 
ditions of life without regard to party affiliations, and when, 
the aimonnoement of his death came they all mourned the 
loss of a distinguished citizen of our common country. 

TIk- nation mourns llic loss of a foremost citizen and 
Ohio the death of one of its al)lest .sons, and I, as an 
American and an ( )hioan, wi.sh to add my \oice to the 
univer.s;il expression of regret in the death of M.\RCl'S 

Al.ONZO H.\.\N.\. 



Address of Mr. Gocbcl^ of Ohio 151 



Address of Mr. Goebel, of Offlo 

Mr. Speaker : We meet to-day to honor, among others, 
the memory of Marcus A. Hanna, late a citizen of Ohio 
and Senator of the United States. I knew him for many 
years, and onr relations were always cordial and pleasant 
and remained so np to the time of his death. 

Senator Hanna was a snccessfnl bnsiness man. He did 
not, until 1884 and when he came into the field of politics, 
attract public attention. From that time forward lie was 
in the pnblic eye. Possessed of a keen intellect, exerting 
a power to make and then to take advantage of political 
conditions and circnmstances as they arose, he soon en- 
grafted his individuality upon his party in Ohio, which 
made it possible for his appointment by the governor as a 
Senator of the United States to fill the vacancy caused by 
the resignation of Senator Sherman and until the meeting 
of the legislature. I shall always remember his remarka- 
ble contest before that legislature when he sought an elec- 
tion for the full term, and in which he was successful. 

Senator Hanna came to the Senate with the prestige of 
his party and as the personal friend of President McKinley. 
He rose rapidlv in that body and in the confidence and 
esteem of the nation, possessing a strong body, a mind 
quick of conception, honest and manly, exercising good 
business judgment, and bringing them all into play, he 
soon became a power in that body and a recognized leader 



152 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

of his part). He was in all respects a safe man, his advice 
was good, his inoti\es pure, and essentially he became a 
factor in shaping legislation of great consequence to our 
nation. His friendship was sincere and lasting. He made 
enemies, yet in his loyalty to friends he never wavered. 
He was willing to share all the burdens as well as the joys 
of friend.ship. It wa-; justly .'^aid of liini tliat could he 
ha\e had a voice as to the eulogies pronounced upon him 
he would not countenance false praise nor wish to have 
ascribed to him \irtues he did not possess. 

Senator H.\.\N.\ was but human, so that at times he 
erred. Then his criticisms of men and measures were 
rather .severe, but he had so many good qualities that so 
strongly inipre.ssed themselves upon \ou, that one soon lost 
sight of the other ones. He was not a brilliant man in the 
full acceptance of that term, yet blended in him were all 
the elements of an able man, and those elements he e.xerted 
for the public good. He was distinctively a man of the 
people. His death was untimely, for his e\e had not been 
dimmed nor his intellect impaired — cut down while in 
.strength and usefulness. 

.Ml the world's a .stage, 
.■\ini all the men aiul women merely players. 
They have their exits and their entrances; 
.■\nil one man in his time plays many parts. 

Senator H.\nn.\ played a leading part in life's drama. 
He gave full measure to his country, and left behind a char- 
acter that time in its fleeting race will not soon efface. The 
world is better becau.'^e he li\ed. His party will miss a 
wise coun.selor, and the nat)t)n mourns his loss. 



Address of Mr. Southard^ of Ohio 153 



Address of Mr. Southard, of Orao 

]\Ir. vSpeaker : Every man, lame or siiiall, is in gTeater 
or less degree the creature of circumstances, and Senator 
]\Iarcus a. Haxna was no exception to the rule. He was 
possessed, however, of those qualities of mind and heart 
which, under ordinary circumstances, make success certain. 
He was to a ver\- great degree what is known as a self-made 
man. He was, in the first place, a successful business man, 
and accumulated a large fortune even for his day and gen- 
eration, when fortunes are measured in millions. His for- 
tune was acquired by honest means and methods. He had 
courage — that which is sometimes called " nerve " — and 
sound business judgment. All of his accumulations came 
as the result of legitimate profits from business condiicted 
along legitimate lines. He was in no .sen.se a speculator 
except as the element of speculation enters into all business 
enterprises. His strong personality, his courage, and his 
.self-reliance made him a leader in business as he after^vards 
became a leader in public affairs. 

From a ver\- modest beginning as clerk in his father's 
store, he became the head of large transportation companies 
and manufacturing and mining concerns. 

He enjoyed a high reputation for honesty, integrity, and 
fair dealing. His word was his bond, and it is said that 
neither was ever questioned. He was widely known and as 



154 Life and Character of Marat s A. I fa una 

widely respected as a business man loiij^ Ijcfure he l)ccaine 
a politician and a statesman. Xo man, perhaixs, e\er com- 
manded the confidence of the business men of the countrx 
to a jj^eater dej^ree. 

I had known of him many years as a business man and 
as a Republican in politics before I came to know him per- 
sonally in 1S95. He was then deeply interested in the 
nomination of William McKinley for President. He had 
assumed the mana<jement of his preconveniinn canipaig;n. 
!\Ir. H.\N"N.\ himself was an ardent protectionist. 

It was thou<jht almost universally at that time that pro- 
tectionism and not free silver would become the dominatiu"; 
or paramount i.ssue. He believed McKinley to be the log- 
ical candidate of the part\-. He believed also in McKinlev, 
and he loved him as a brother. Mr. H.\nn.\ was then in 
the full strentrth of matured manhood. He had had wide 
experience in organizing and handling men. He had never 
held ])olitical office, but he was not a novice in political 
methods. He had always taken more or less interest in 
public affairs, and twice, at least, had he been elected a 
delegate to the national convention. For some vears he 
had been rather a ])rominent figure in the rather factional 
strife which prevailed in the State at that time. 

Here is where m\- acquaintance with Mr. H.\n.\a com- 
menced. Afterwards, up to the time of his death, I nic-l 
him frequently and thought I got to know him fairly well. 
With the conunencement of the campaign which resulted 
in the nomination and election of McKinley as President 
began what may l)e tenued his public inrcir. It was short, 
but eventful. 



Address of Air. Soiif/iard, of Ohio 155 

From the very beginning he became prominent, and his 
prominence increased to the end. Perhaps no one short of 
McKinley himself exercised a greater influence in public 
affairs. During the early part of this period he was hated 
bv millions. During the latter part man\' of those who 
had hated him had learned to love him, and millions were 
singing his praises. Few men have been more viciously 
misrepresented and villainously slandered by those who 
spoke without knowledge or a desire to obtain it. A man 
with less strength and fortitude would have sunk beneath 
the load. He lived to rise triumphant over all, and when 
he died there was not one whom the nation could not better 
afford to lose. 

In organizing the campaign for the ]McKinle\' nomina- 
tion he displayed the same qualities which had made him 
successful in business. Energy and method characterized 
all his work. 

The high character of McKinley and the fact that he 
stood as the embodiment of the protection idea contributed 
much to his nomination, but the consummate organizing 
ability of Mr. H.a.nn.^ made the victory an easy one. After 
the nomination he became the chairman of the national 
committee, and it was during this campaign of 1896 that 
he displayed those masterful abilities which challenged 
universal attention and fixed his status as the greatest 
political organizer of his day. I believe the campaign of 
1896 the most remarkable in our history. It was from its 
inception a campaign of education. The i,ssues were clearly 
defined, and they were real Lssues. The discu.ssion of them 
aroused much of cla.ss feeling. Mr. Hanna was a wealtliy 



156 Lift' (t>td Character of Marcus A. Manna 

man. He was known to be a close friend and adviser of 
the candidate for President. He at once became the target 
for the grossest abnse and the most vituperative slander. 

Among other things, he was characterized as a man of 
corrupt methods and a cruel, tyrannical oppres.sor of labor. 
While nothing was further from the truth, he was in no 
position to make a personal defense. By the close of the 
campaign it became as .settled conviction in the minds of 
millions of men and women that these vile statements were 
true. So persistently were these slanders circulated that in 
his State they were for a time generally believed by those 
who did not personally know M.^RCts A. H.\nx.\. When 
McKinley became President it was his desire that Mr. 
H.\N.\A should be called to the Senate. It is not difficult 
to see why the President wished to ha\e him there. He 
had been McKinley's friend and adviser, and no one had 
had better opportunity to discover his true worth. 

He was first appointed to fill the vacancy occasioned by 
the selection of Senator Shennan as Secretary of State. 
-Xflerwards he was twice cho.sen to represent his State in 
tile Tnited Slates Senate, each time under circumstances 
and conditions differing widely from the other. Preceding 
each election he had received the indorsement of the State 
convention of his party. His candidacy was the dominating 
issue in eacli campaign, and I think it can be fairly stated 
that tile diflerence in llie results in tliese two very spirited 
conte.sts fairly measured his growth anil advancement in 
favor with the i)eople of his State. 

The first election was carried by only a few lln.)U.s;ind; the 
one occurring si.\ \ears later by more than itx),ooo, an 



Address of Mr. Southard, of Ohio 157 

unprecedented majorit>' in Ohio. Notwithstanding his ante- 
election indorsement in 1897, it became uncertain that he 
would be elected Senator. The business men of the State 
arose in their might and demanded that the expressed will 
of the part}- at the polls should be respected. I do not 
believe that another such meeting was ever held, composed 
entirely of the people of a single State, as that which 
assembled in Columbus in January, 1898, to protest against 
the effort then being made to prevent the selection of ]Mr. 
Hanna for Senator. There were at least 10,000 politi- 
cians and business men, all representative men from every 
part of that great Commonwealth. 

All this time President McKinley was perhaps the mo.st 
popular and the man most beloved in his party and Mr. 
Hanna was his trusted friend. Undeserv^ed abuse, criticism, 
slander, and libel, persistently indulged in, aided factious 
opposition in creating this anomalous political condition. 
If Mr. Hanna was seriously disturbed by these things his 
friends general!}' did not know it. I saw him frequently 
during that intensely bitter struggle which immediately 
preceded his first election. He was always composed and 
cheerful, with never an unkind word for those who were 
opposing him. 

In his election to the United States Senate he found 
increased opportimity to make himself known and under- 
stood by the people. He had for a long time been a large 
employer of labor, and all those who had been associated 
with him, as employees or otherwise, were his friends. The 
erroneous impressions as to his character could not last. 
Thev had no solid foundation on which to rest. Laboring 



158 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

men grew to trust liim and to believe in him. W'liik- he 
differed as to important matters with nian\- of those known 
as " labor leaders," they became, as a rule, exceedingly well 
disposed, because they knew him to be friendly, frank, fair, 
and cf)nrageous. 

At the time of his death there was probably no more 
popular and beloved man in the nation. He was excep- 
tionally loyal to his friends, and they were strongly attached 
to him. It has been said frequently that he was not an 
orator. This depends on what we adopt as a definition for 
orator>'. All agree that he was an original thinker and a 
clear and convincing speaker. Speaking of his career in 
the Senate, one of its members says : " He took his initia- 
tion ])itted against eight\-niiK- old gladiators of debate, and 
he who is willing to do justice to this man's fame must 
admit that from his entrance here until his death, on all 
questions political and commercial, he maintained his place 
in the very first rank of the .strongest debaters in the Senate. 
N'o ordinar\- man could h;ue done that." Another speaks 
of him as a powerful and com incing speaker. One thing 
is certain, he became popular as a public speaker, and the 
jieople turned out to hear him in large numbers in what- 
ever i)art of the country he chanced to Ix-. 

He obtained his early education in the ci)nimon .schools, 
but his gr:usping and relenti\e mind ])ul him in po.s.scssion 
of a store of u.seful knowledge that <.nal)kd him lo under- 
stand and deal with intricate business or state problems. 

He was one of the most considerate and obliging of men ; 
at least, that is the way he impre.s.sed his friends. He at 
once inspired confidence and affectionate regard, and when 



Address of Mr. Southard, of Ohio 159 

he passed away the tears that were shed were the evidence 
of unfeigned sorrow. 

His time in the Senate covered a period of about seven 
years. He was always helpful in shaping policies and 
determining legislation. Few men with so short a service 
can be said to have accomplished so much. It is perhaps 
too early to assign to ^Ir. Haxna his proper place among 
the great men that Ohio has given to the nation, but we 
can rest assured that liiston,- will accord to him high honor 
and that he will be held in grateful remembrance by a 
patriotic people. 



i6o Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 



Address of Mr. Tawney. of Minnesota 

Mr. Speaker: When the lives of great men come to a 
close, it is well that, in accord with historic custom, we 
pause to honor their memories and think upon the institu- 
tions, the movements, of which they were a part. It were 
an interestinor task for some idle hour to ima<fine what our 
body politic would be if such men as the late lamented 
Senator Hanna were endowed with earthly immortality, 
what changes would result if their influence and power con- 
tinued to grow forever. Could democratic institutions long 
continue to flouri.sh if such were the law? An All-Wise 
Providence has ordered it otherwise. As one after another 
of the strong towers of the nation's citadel are laid low, we 
witness a ne\"er-ceasing spectacle of change. It is said that 
if there were no moon to attract the waters, there would be 
no ebb and flow of the sea; and the .stillness which follows 
the death of a great man resembles nothing so much as the 
])ause of the waves if the moon were swept from the sky. 

When we analyze llie current of our national affairs and 
.seek the causes which explain it we find .somewhere in the 
.shadows of the bordering hills great men who, like the 
mothers of legend and song, keep watch at the springs of 
life. The\ mold the needs of men and supply the foods to 
.satisfy them. They plan and project their plans into the 
jjolitical and industrial life of the nation, 'riicy initiate 



Address of Mr. Ta~a'Hcy\ of Minnesota i6i 

and control the policies of government. They become 
bureans for the wisdom and power of the land, so that other 
men mnst work and speak through them. Such a center 
of influence and power was Senator H.\nn.\. But, sir. 
Senator Hanna held a position in our national life in many 
ways unique. He represented as possibh- no other man of 
the present day the close relation between commerce and 
national politics. If it be true that "commerce follows the 
flas:," there is a sense in which it is also true that "com- 
merce is being." 

It sometimes happens that commercial interests are estab- 
lished before political relationship. Commercial relations 
sometimes make political relations expedient and even 
necessary. Indeed, sir, I hold it true that commerce fol- 
lows hinnan taste and need, and the flag, commerce. Where 
on the face of the earth can human tastes change without 
affecting the currents of our foreign trade? Where are the 
needs of men altered by civilization of uncivilizing influ- 
ences without producing demands which commerce alone 
can supply? And what nation is there which does not 
protect its ships and its citizens and seek friendly political 
relations to increase their wealth and straighten their com- 
mercial paths through the seas? Senator Haxx.a.'s life, I 
repeat, in a peculiar way illustrates this relation. 

Called home from college after a single year by the sick- 
ness of his father, he de\'oted himself after his twentieth \-ear 
to mercantile life. In an incredibly short space of time he 
became one of the captains of business in and about his 
home city in the State of Ohio. His growth was phenome- 
nal. He disposed of his grocery trade and invested in coal 
S. Doc. 321, 5S-2 II 



1 62 Life and CItaractcr of Marcus A. I fauna 

and iron. His factories and foundries nmltiplied; he became 
a master of the iron trade; he studied coal mines and bought 
coal lands; he studied the iron trade and bought iron lands 
and boats to carry the ore. He built the first steel ship on 
the Great Lakes and became intimately associated as a part 
owner of those great and productive iron mines of Minnesota 
at the head of the Great Lakes. Men toiled for him from 
the AUeghenies to the Rockies. 

When the labor unions began to organize he in\-cnted the 
union of coal operator.s. He became a director of the Globe 
Ship Manufacturing Compan\-, of Cleveland; jjresident of 
the Union National Rank, of that city; president of the 
Cleveland Cit\- Railway Company; jiresident of the Chapin 
Mining Company, on Lake Superior. He interested him- 
self in theaters, and was the proprietor of a successful pla\- 
house; and in all the.se varied busine.ss experiences he did 
not fail to discover that the policies of the (ioveniment, the 
laws of industry anJ trade, detennined to a very great extent 
the po.ssibilities of our national commercial growth. Con- 
sequenth- he became interested in the political jjlatforms of 
parties, in party leaders, in industrial institutions, and in 
conunercial legislation. 

Friendship for William McKiuky, which began in a 
lawsuit ill which the.se two men took opposing sides, grew 
into a warm admiration, and in 1S96 he began directing the 
caui])aigus which resulted iu the nomination, the election, 
and the reelection of that immortal patriot and statesman 
to the Presidency of the nation. .Senator H.X.nna, ase\er\- 
one knows, was chainnan of the I\e])ublican national com- 
mittee from uSy6 to his death, and was him.self elected to 



Address of Mr. Taicncy, of Mi/iiusota 163 

the Senate of the United States from tlie State of Ohio in 
1S97, and reelected to that position only a few short weeks 
prior to his death. He grew in wealth not so much because 
he prized riches as because he was bom with tenacity of 
purpose and an instinct for mastery. He toiled desperately, 
but he toiled with his head more than with his hands. 
Probably there was not another man in America who pos- 
sessed so accurate a detailed knowledge of the many branches 
of business life in which he was interested. 

The in.stinct for mastery over the conditions of life was 
powerful in him, as it is in all strong men. He loved free- 
dom from the limitations that make life meaningless to 
countless thousands, and sought freedom for himself and 
his friends alike. It was for mastery and independence that 
he built ships and operated mines. It was for this, too, 
that he sought political position and influence. He had 
discovered that commerce and politics are not distinct and 
separate, and that to be master in the one sphere a man must 
enter the other. His interest in tariffs, the uplifting of the 
merchant marine, the construction of the isthmian canal, 
his deep concern for the relations between labor and capital, 
and his loyal and efficient aid to the political interests of 
his great friend, William McKinley, were part and parcel 
of his determination to be free. His motives were simple 
and manlv; his methods were the methods of that straight- 
forward business honest}- in which, as a youth, he was 
trained. 

I know of no just measure of the abilit}- of men .save the 
degree Jto which they achieve mastery over the conditions 
of life. He is strong who makes the forces of the world 



164 Life and Character ofMarais A. Ha /ma 

pour their treasures into the coffers of tlie institutions he 
represents. No breezes blow which do not fill his sails. 
P'or him all knowledge, all moral influence, and all wealth 
e.xist. If there are obstacles, he o\ercomes them; if there 
are battles to be fought, in the end he wins them; if there 
are friends to be suppoited and great cau.ses to be sustained, 
he is sufficient. Judged l)y this standard, Senator H.\nna 
was one of the greatest men of this great age. Xo weakness 
of will, no faltering on the threshold of action, marked his 
life; no maudlin mind wandering rendered him incapable 
of prolonged and concentrated mental effort. Wherever he 
was and whatever his task, he was master of himself and 
his resources. Who among llie nian\' men wiih whom 
he was associated was more alert and receptive than he? 
Who was (piicker witted, more fertile in planning, or more 
prompt in action? Who was truer to his friends and partv? 
Who was more fearful to his enemies? 

Senator H.\nn.\'s philosophy of life was simple and 
practical. He may have lacked many graces of conduct; 
he may have lacked the tact to accomplish his ends with- 
out sharp clash of opposing forces; but when the day of 
battle came and the fight was on, he was farseeing, coura- 
geous, prepared. For Senator Hanna's life was not an 
ideal one, but — 

Iron (UiK from central gloom 
.■\n(l liL-alcii hot with ImrninK fears, 
.\nil ili])|K'<l in l>atlis of his.sin^ tears, 
■ .\nii luttleil with the shook of iloom 
To shape anil use. 

Xeillur the graces of .solitude and meditation nor the 
caj)acity for intrigue and diplomacy which characterize 



Address of Mr. Tawitcy, of Minnesota 165 

more complex matters can explain his power. His creed 
was simple ; his life was filled with usefulness, and no 
Gibraltar rock ever stood more firmly on its broad base 
than he. 

In politics he was guided 1;)\' the sublime feeling of his 
party, and he possessed that essence of all the \'irtues — 
sincerity. Methinks I hear that gruff apostle of sincerity, 
Thomas Carlyle, mutter from his tomb, "I care not what 
creed a man professes, so he be sincere." The truth is, 
our departed champion served his friends and his country 
with e\'er\- throb of his might\' brain, and this was nowhere 
so well illustrated as the way he took defeat. He knew 
when he was whipped. Incapable of shaping his judgment 
merely to suit the currents of popular opinion, he was, 
nevertheless, of all men, quick to abandon his own private 
position and adopt the plans of his part}' when once they 
had prevailed. He was, again, the common-sen.se business 
man in politics, content to do his best both as counselor 
and as committeeman for the cause he had espoused. 

And where, in the history of America, have two men 
stood so closely and beautifully together through a period 
of somanv years as M.\rk H.\xna and William McKinley? 
In the presence of the martyred President, H.\nna was 
always charmed and chastened. That friendship buoyed 
up his spirit in dark and trying hours. Thinking over 
their splendid loyalty, we find our.selves suddenly mindful 
of that other friendship, immortal in Hebrew legend and 
song — the friendship of Jonathan and David. "Then Jon- 
athan and David made a covenant, because he loved him 
as his own .soul. * * * Then said Jonathan unto 



1 66 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

Da\id, \Vhatsoe\er thy soul desireth, I will even do it for 
thee." 

Here, if anvwhere in the world, were two souls knit to- 
gether by a common idea of manly living and the common 
conviction as to wise and beneficent political policies. 
More forceful, perhaps, than his more honored friend, 
H.\NN.\ had de\oted himself without re.serve to the other's 
])olitical interest.s, and by a "stoop of the soul, in bending 
uprai.ses it, too," accomplished his generous task. .\t the 
time of that awful calamity which laid the President low 
upon his bier, Hanna suffered a woinid from which he 
never recovered. It aged him perceptibly; and let us hope 
that those two modest, daring champions have entered into 
that perfect friendship of all the good and great. 

I can not close my remarks without .saying that I ])ro- 
foundh- admire H.\NN.\".S simple solution of the labor situ- 
ation of to-da\-. He believed in organization on both sides 
of that question. He was, perhaps, the first great indu.s- 
trial leader to organize, in 1S79, a coal operators" union. 
It was his way of meeting the union of miners; but he 
believed from the first that such organizations should be 
undertaken, not in the interest of capital on the one side 
and in the interest of labor on the other, but on both .sides 
for "the mutual benefit of the employer and the employee." 

It is the (lolden Rule ap])lied to industrial relations. 

In the later \ears of his life, when a])])roached by the 
officers of the Civic Federation for aid in settling labor 
controversies, it was tliis simple practice and aim which 
ap]xaled t<> his judgment and won his su]i]H>rl. The 
l)eoi)le of -Xmerica all know how vahiable were his direct 



Address of Mr. Tau<iie\\ of Minnesota 167 

efforts, guided by this rule, in settling industrial disputes. 
In the February number of the National jMagazine he is 
reported as saying: 

I am finall)- convinced that it (the Civic Federation, whose motto is the 
Golden Rule) is the object to which I desire to consecrate the remaining^ 
3'ears of my life. * * * i am sure that the .\merican people will 
sustain a policy, l)ased upon the highest moral and social impulses, which 
will eliminate the passionate prejudices that now exist between capital 
and labor. 

I know of btit one standard bv which to judge the 
wisdom of au\- philosophy — " b\- their fruits ye .shall 
know them;" and in all the literature of social theory I 
find but one theor\' of human action which is at once 
adequate and practical, the theory that conduct shotild 
aim at and realize the common good of all concerned. 
In the greatest of all poems of the nineteenth century 
and the most philosophical poem of all literature Goethe 
represents Faust as setting out upon the search for a 
moment of complete happine.s.s. Mephistopheles agrees 
to bring him to such a moment. They ha\e formed a 
contract, signed in blood. If Mephisto succeeds, Faust 
will surrender his sotil as a forfeit. The devil tries him 
with the love of a woman, then with wealth, then with 
art and culture, then with power and influence in the 
.state. 

From each experience Faust turns away disappointed; 
but at last, when he has grown old and weary of failure, 
he becomes absorbed in draining a marsh and turning it 
into a public park. It is a labor for the good of the 
public in which he has abandoned forever the hope of 
satiating his own Titanic passions, and behold ! to his 



1 68 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

own amazement he is supremely blest, profoundly content. 
In jo\- he cries out to the moment when he sees his task 
complete, "Oh, still delay — thou art so fair." Mephi.s- 
topheles at once claims the forfeit of Faust's soul, but all 
in vain. Faust h;Ls wrought his own salvation in an 
humble effort to uplift the world. 

Let us believe that in this simple faith lies the solution 
of all our problems. Let us hope that with education and 
.social progress a glad day ma\' dawn when all men may 
live by this creed. We find, sir, in the life of the late 
Senator H.\nn.\ an example of the wi.sdom of that ancient 
Xazarene who said : " Except a corn of wheat fall into the 
ground and die, it abideth alone; but if it die, it bringeth 
forth much fruit." We are glad that we knew Marct.s .\. 
Hanna. and we are thankful for the memon,- in whose 
ample courts the dead become our sceptered sovereigns, 
whose spirits rule us from their tombs. 



Address of Mr. Bcidlcr, of O/iio 1 69 



Address of Mr. Beidler. of Omo 

jMr. Speaker: It is probable that my acquaintance with 
the late Senator Hanna, commencing as it did over thirty 
years ago, was a longer acquaintance than that enio>-ed by 
any other Member of the House. .\nd living in the same 
di.strict with him, and being engaged in the same business 
avocation as he, we were freqtientl\- thrown together in 
business matters long before he gave any great attention to 
politics. In January, 1885, over nineteen years ago, he 
submitted to nie a proposition to enter into business rela- 
tions with him, which, however, was never consummated. 
In Tnlv of 1900, after the national convention held in Phil- 
adelphia, and after I had received the nomination for Con- 
gress, I called on him at his office, and he gave me the 
wannest and most cordial welcome, saying that he would 
assist me in every way in his power, which he did, and 
upon m\' election he assisted me in all matters pertaining 
to the district which I ha\e the honor to represent. My 
recollections of Senator H.^xxA are of the most kindly 
character. 

I will leave it for others, whose eloquence better fits 
them to do so, to speak of Senator H.-\xx.\'s achievements 
in business and public life. I .shall pay my humble tribute 
to him as a man of many sterling qualities of heart and 
brain, for he was a man of heart as well as of brain. The 
same qualities that contributed to his success in business 
life made him a strong and commanding figure in national 
public life. To those who had known him only since his 



170 Life and C/mrac/Vr 0/ Marcus A. J /a una 

memorable pari in the noiiiiiiation and election of the late 
and lamented President McKinley, Mr. Hanna's rise 
seemed almost meteoric. Hut his was not a comet-like 
flij^ht npward. From early manhood he was an active 
political worker. He did not springs from business life into 
successful political life with one bound. He started at the 
bottom of the ladder, working; in the wards and piecincts 
of Cleveland as the ward and precinct workers work to-day. 
It was there that he learned the rudiments of politics, and 
there that he learned the lessons which contributed so 
laro;ely to his success in the great arena of national politics. 
He learned to know and to understand men. 

Senator Hanna was a fighter. His business as well as 
his public life was one long fight. He was a man who 
preferred defeat after fighting to \ictory gained by the 
tricks and wiles of demagoguery. His political life was 
largcl\- a repetition of his business life. His methods of 
reaching results were the .same. He made enemies right 
and left, but while these enemies hated him, tlie\' also feared 
him, and at the same time admired him. The> admired in 
him the \er\- (|ualities that made them his enemies, and 
when he was called to the life beyond there was not one 
who did not grieve deeply and sincerely. Senator HjlNN'A 
made enemies because he was a strong man; and when a 
man, especially in pulilic life, is strong he arouses strong 
enmities. .\ man can afTord to ha\e enemies if thev ad- 
mire him. The .same iiualities th.ii made enemies for 
Senator Hann.x likewise made him friends. No man liad 
more loyal friends. 

Senator Ha.nna was conser\ali\e. lie believed in tread- 



Address of Mr. Beid/er, of Ohio 171 

iiig the paths that were tried and safe. His warning to the 
people of this country to " stand pat " was not a warning to 
stand still. His now famous " stand pat " meant that the 
people shonld continne to enforce those policies that have 
brought peace and jjrosperity to the land and happiness to 
the people. In his public and in his busine.ss career he 
never stooped to the tricks of the demagogue. Demagog- 
uery he fought as he would have fought a pestilence. In 
seeking public fa\or he never pandered to public prejudice 
and passion, but fought to o\'ercome that prejudice. 

Senator Haxx.\ was a leader, and that statement needs 
no corroborative testimon\- from me. He was a leader 
because he had strength of purpo.se and .strength of char- 
acter and because he had the implicit confidence, not only 
of those who were his friends, but of those who were 
opposed to him. 

As I have said, Senator Hanna was a man of heart as 
well as of brain. His heart was big and it was tender. 
Strong himself, he sympathized with the weak. No friend 
of Senator Hann.'V ever had a better and truer friend than 
Senator Hanna. He would fight for his friend's honor as 
quicklv, and perhaps more quickh', than for his own honor. 
He sympathized with and extended a helping hand to those 
who were in distress or suffering. 

Senator Hanna has gone, but his influence will remain 
and continue to grow with us. As a man he has left an 
impress for good upon all with whom he came in contact. 
As a public citizen he has left an impre.ss for good upon 
the entire country. The world is better because he li\-ed 
in it, and more can not be said of any man. 



172 Life and Character 0/ Marcus A. Ha una 



Address of Mr. BRia. of Indiana 

Mr. Speakkk: Makcts A. Haxxa is dead. Another 
great man in the zenith of liis fame and power of good has 
reached his journey's end. 

Again in the mar\'el of life we are standing rapt and 
helpless in the pre.sence of the profoundest mystery- of human 
destiny — death — the precipice that marks the deepest, dark- 
est tragedy, the end of each and all. 

Our friend has gone, and on its ragged edge we stand in 
listening lu\x-, waiting for the sound of a voice that comes 
back onlv in the troiible of the wa\es that break upon the 
fretful shore. 

Hut to nie the greaUsl myslery is life. 

The flower unfolds in bursting liud aiul falling leaf. 

It lingers for a while in sweel ])erfume, to fade awa>' and 
thou to bloom again. 

What shall we do? What words can we say? 

There is the sunshine and beauty, a glad song in th.e .sky, 
the bee's quiet Inim of rich content in a wealth of sweet- 
ness, and then the cruel thorn, man\- struggles, the torn 
llesh, and a tear. 

There comes a far cry, a tree falls in the forest dim and 
du.sk, the flt>wer is crushed, and over the deltris the world 
moves on. 

Hut the fragrance of the flower that has been will forever 
hang round the hearts that will be. 



Address of Mr. Brick, of Indiana 173 

The grave i.s the inothej of universal pain and e\'ery 
human sorrow, but in its mysteriotrs depths it also cradles 
the birth of every high resolve and the love of bird, and 
beast, and man. 

Again the mystery — in the alchemy of life the rainbow 
of infinite love is only seen through the moisture of a tear. 

How unutterably barren and cheerless would this world 
be without its monumental grave, without the huge and 
thoughtful silence of all its mighty dead. 

The stringless lyre, the voiceless songs immortal, they fill 
the halls of memory with their harmonies, wondrous sweet 
and kind, that tell of all that is and of all that man would 
like to be. They tell us of all the noble doings, the jovs and 
sorrows, the ecstacies and grief, the agonizing frailt\", and 
the victories of all the good and great since time began. 

They sound the sublimest symphony that was ever 
touched and pla^-ed upon the harp of a thousand strings in 
the love of hearth and home and wife and child and friend. 

And we are born again to nobler things in the longings 
of a softened heart. 

Yes; it is too true. Mark Hann.'\. has left us, after ha\-- 
ine enriched the world with an honest, faithful, sincere life, • 
to return no more. 

He needs no words for fame, no apologies for rest. 

He grandly^ fought and serenely died in the full fruition 
of his highest powers and noblest thought, in the splendid 
har\'est time of the nation's greatness. 

He lived to see the end of all he had worked for and 
dreamed of. 

He lived long enough to watch the shadows fall at noon 



174 L'fi' ^"^ Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

by the bedside of his dearest friend, the nation's martvred 
lic-ro, the kindest, gentlest, tenderest memory of the world, 
the idol of his manly heart, and the t\pe and flower of an 
American Christian gentleman. 

With him he had lived to see the culmination of all their 
hopes, financial stability, exalted citizenship, American vic- 
tory, expanded glon , and commercial supremacy. 

McKinley's gentle spirit took its flight, his troubles ended 
then, and in the dusk of twilight M.\rk H.^xn.\ wandered 
on a while, with a great burden pressing down his heart, 
till at la.st he, too, fell asleep. 

And now his labor's o'er. 

The\ ha\e joined each other, through the darkness and 
in the dawn, be\ond the mystery of life and death. 

And we are left to pay a tribute to ourselves in the laurel 
wreath we place upon their tomb. 

Death is alwa\-s sad, and in its pathos comes the thought — 
after all his struggles and his triumphs, his kind acts, illu.s- 
trious deeds, the things done and the things he would have 
liked to do — why could not he ha\e remained with us \et 
a little longer, in the deserved praise and friendly admira- 
tion of the many millions of his fellow-men who loved him 
living, and who love him now, with head Imwid down in 
.speechle.ss grief for their gotul friend goui.. 

Honesty, sincerity, and manly courage are the pillars of 
the State. 

Xo true work was ever wasted, and since the world began 
no true life has e\er failed. 

It is an endle.ss thread running ihnniijh all rternitv. 



Addresi of Mr. Brick^ of Indiana 175 

The spirits of men never die; they live forever, and walk 
abroad forever among the children of men. 

If you fail, \"ou wrong everybody. 

If vou fill yonr niche and fill it well, yon are a hero. 

And in the precnrsored ftilfillment of life's problems there 
are no degrees of heroism. 

In the immortalitv of hnman achievement there is no 
death for an honest faithful life. 

There never was a grave dug to smother in its bosom 
the sunbeam of a heart throb. 

There never will be a night black enough to enshroud 
the luster of a star-led thought. 

E\'ery brave and loyal act presses Time so close it dulls 
his busy scythe. 

And Mark Haxxa filled his niche complete. 

He was a loved and loving man, sympathetic, upright, 
and absolutely honest. 

In the precious thoughts, the noble images, and the 
spotless character left behind, he has given to the world 
the richest, rarest legacy of any man's work and worth. 

He was faithful to ever\- trust of life — true to himself 
and friend. And above all that he has done which may 
live after him, he possessed the one great elemental virtue 
that makes men eternal. 

He was part of the universe, brother of the air, the sea, 
the soil, and everv man, however humble, was his brother. 

His brain was warmed by the rich red blood from the 

heart. 

And he had a heart to feel and know that all flesh and 



176 Life and Character of Marcus A. J /a una 

blood are human; that each poor, strug'g'lino; soul has the 
same hopes, the same joys and sorrows, and thai their 
hearts \earn for friendship and bleed at scorn and con- 
tumely the same as his — a heart that beat in sympathy 
with every human beinjj that toils with arm or brain. 

Through all his days it was oak and "stainless to the 
core." 

Through all his days and nights it throbbed for the poor 
and weak. 

.\nd on this blessed day we con.secrate to him, all over 
the broad land, in a million lowly homes, M.\rk H.\xn.\'s 
name is spoken soft and low b\- men and women who work 
for bread — he was their friend. 

Mr. Speaker, after all is said and done, in the far-ofT 
mystical future, that will be his chief est glor\. 

Some day the subtle influence of his name will be a 
potent spell to bring together in terms of understanding 
and bonds of peace the lives of men who will work for 
each other in wedded harnion\-. 

lie was a man of splendid courage. 

Honesty and sincerity refused to bend the .suppliant 
knee in deceiving utterance, and that bred conflict. 

Hitter conflict born of j^assion and prejudice, as old as 
the great round world, the heritage of every great man. 

.Sour- men arc tall enough to cast a lengthening shadow 
far hcvond the hori/on of their little da\'. 

Cireat enough to be maligned and niisnnderstootl in 
their generation. 

Hra\'e and strong enough to become the target for the 
envenonietl shafts of cnw, malice, ami human littleness. 



Address of Mr. Brick, of Indiana \-j-j 

Virtuous aud broad enough to inflame the jealous heart 
of all the meanly wise and feebly good with impotent 
slander. 

But the gra\-e ends all. 

The rust of steel mingling with pathetic dust to nourish 
the vines and flowers that kindly cluster around the tomb 
of a worthy man. 

No man must be measured In- an act or a year. 

He .sho\ild be measured by his whole life, by the tend- 
ency not of a dav, but of all. 

Struggle as we ma\- to peer into the future we are but 
finite. 

As to the ultimate judgment of greatness in any man, 
time and events are the final arbiters. 

All we can do now — all that we care to do now in our 
affection is to cover his resting place with the flowers of our 
continuing friendship, to pa}' to his greatness, as we know 
it, the tribute of an appreciation that lives beyond the grave. 

He was a great leader, a man of superb executive ability. 

But I .shall always remember him best for the splendid 
qualities of his heart. 

Honestv, sincerit}', and friendship filled the life of all who 
knew him with sunshine. 

He was successfid in e\'erything he undertook, l)ut monev 
could not spoil him, nor fame and power perv-ert him. 

He believed, through very instinct, that a kind act was 
brio-hter than trold, more enduriu"; than the stars. 

He believed that in the cross and crown of life and death 
we are nearer to God as we draw closer to man. 
S. Doc. 321, 5S-2 12 



ijS Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

That there is no pearl ever born in tlie deep sea's deepest 
myster}-, no sun-defying crest that ever hung on beauty's 
brow, no star that light's the wanderer's path of doubt and 
fear, no word of praise, no sparkling gem of jeweled jov, 
that could ever vie with the light of a friendly eye, with the 
luster of the moistening drop that lingers down a manh- face 
for another's sorrow. 

Fame may die in a day. but the heart it will li\e on for- 
ever. 

He was a kindly, loving, generou.s, manly man, true to 
life, true down to the very gates of night. My friend Harry 
S. Chester, of Indiana, has begutifully written a little poem 
that tells in simjjle pathos of the parting of two great men — 
of a ])arting in the purple twilight on the ever-widening 
shore, where the stream of H.\n.\.\'s life was emptying in 
the sunset sea. 

A KKW WDKIlS KROM THK HK.\RT 

Mv r)K.\R Mr. I'RiiSiDKXT: You touchcii a lender spot, olil man, when 
yt)'.i called jx-rsonally to inquire after me this a. m. I may be worse before 
I can be better, bnt all the same such "drops" of kindne.ss are good for a 
fellow. 

Sincerely, yours, M. .\. Hanna. 

Dear SknaTipk: Indeed it is your letter from your sick bed which is 
touchinj;— not my visit. May you verj- soon be with us again, old fellow, 
as strong in l)ody and as vigorous in your leadersliij) and your friendship 
as ever. 

l-aithfully, yours, Theodork Roosevelt. 

Von touched a teniler spot, old man, you touched a teiuler .s]x)t; 
The.se little ilrops of kin<lnes.s help a fellow out a lot, 
llcxl bless the swii-t expression, for it came from out the heart, 
With all the deep uffection that a friendshi]) can im])iirt. 



Address of Mr. Brick ^ of Indiana 179 

Goil bless you, dear old fellow, for you struck a tender chord, 
As true in wealth of beauty as our human hearts afford. 
May you be with us years to couie is all I wish for you, 
My dear old fellow, from a friend, most faithfully and true. 

How grand if all the world were blest with such a human strain. 
How many hearts o'erburdened now would have surcease from pain; 
"Old fellow" and "old man," ah, these expressions from the soul. 
Would drive out bitterness and hate and put love forever in control. 

The world, our cotmtr)-, is greater and g-rander in his life, 
and we his friends are braver, better, truer, kindlier men in 
his death. 



i8o Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 



Address of Mr. Lo\'ering. of Massachusetts 

Mr. Spkakkk: Xo man goes out of the world alone. A 
thousand .souls take flight at once, yet is each transfigured 
in his own sphere, and we stand transfixed, some gazing up 
whence he is gone, some looking only at the place made 
vacant. Ever\' great man who dies makes death easier for 
those who follow. 

Seneca .said : " He is a great man who is willing to die 
when life is plea,sant to him." 

How loii}; sh.ill a man live 'tis not for him to know. ■ 
How well shall a man live is all his own to show. 

The greatest .solace in the kxss of our friends is thai we 
have had them. .\nd sweet memory forbids that we .should 
\i\\\\ our friendsliii)s alive in the graves of our friends. 

All that was mortal of M.\rk H.\n.\.\ has been borne 
awav out of sight, but the innnortal lingers and abides in 
our hearts. His sphere was not limited by State or nation; 
it embraced all mankind. We had not to wail for death 
to .sanctif)'. Long before it came he had made his record. 
Men had come to know his worth, and the fitting words of 
eulogv that ha\'e since been spoken bnl xnircil tin- thoughts 
that were already in our minds. 

Tho.se whii knew him best s;xw in him a big-hearted 
man with red blood, who.se every imjiulse was genuine, 
whose e\er\ thouylu was clean, whose ever\ act was 



Address of Mr. Lovcring, of Massachusetts i8i 

generous, and whose public life was a model of American 
patriotism. 

Though coming late into the political world, he brought 
a large business experience and a ripe judgment to his new 
field of labors. Untrammeled b\- hackne\ed convention- 
alities, he cut loo.se from old political methods and hewed 
out a new path to victory. He sought his ends by direct- 
ness and not by subterfuge. He was accomplished in the 
arts of persuasion and won votes through conviction. 

AVas he your friend? Then well you knew 
His friendship was unfeignedly true; 
And no reservation mocked the relation. 

It may not be said that he was faultless, but it can be 
said that he was never false. He ma}- have erred, but all 
the world lo\-es and forgives the man whose great human 
sympathies at times o'ertop and sway his judgment. 

And now we say that he is dead. What do we mean ? 
Only that he has taken the one short step from earth to 
heaven. One short step from life to life eternal. One 
short step from the mortal to the immortal. The one short 
step that sooner or later must be taken by one and all. 



1 82 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 



Address of Mr. Smith, of Llinois 

Mr. Spe.^ker: Life coine.'; to us without our asking, and 
that peaceful .sleep which, with all the wi.sduni of the ages, 
we have not yet been able to fully solve or look upon with- 
out some lingering dread or heart quiverings, and which, 
for want of a better or more expressive term, we call 
"death," will come to all, whether we crave its coming or 
try to ward it off. 

To all intelligent existence it seems there is some life 
work, great or small, for each to ])erform. Prominence 
is achieved by many in various walks of life. Some grow 
great in war, others in statesman.ship, others in diplomacy, 
others in ecclesia.stical fields, others in science and the arts, 
others in the business world, and still others in what is 
sometimes termed the "Immliler walks of life;" but in all 
and through all there seems to be an eternal fitness of 
things, and we can not avoid, try it though we may, the 
feeling and con\iction that all our life work, energies, and 
efforts are in .some manner unknown to ns; in .some mws- 
terions way, at least, influenced if not marked out for all. 

During my terms of .service in Congress our flag has on 
various occasions floated at half-mast o\er the Capitol 
l)uililing. During this time twent\' Senators, one \'ice- 
I'residcnt, and eighty Members of the lower Hou.se have 
answered the last roll cmII, f:\lItM at tlu-ir ]«)>;( of dutv while 



Address of Mr. S»ii//i, of IlliHois 183 

serving their country and constittiencies in their respective 
capacities. Some of them thus falling asleep with their 
official robes about them had achieved such prominence as 
to have become world known; others had acquired national 
reputations, and still others are remembered for their hard 
work and splendid results in a more humble and limited 
sphere ; but all have received the encomiums of their peo- 
ple and words of commendation and praise from their 
colleagues in the halls of Congress. Each one has filled 
with credit the little space allotted him, and their memories 
are cherished by an appreciative jDeople and the friends 
thev knew in life. 

On the 14th da}- of September, 1901, our flag fell to half- 
mast bv reason of the death of President McKinlev, taken 
from ns bv the hand of an assassin, we know not \\\\\\ at 
what appeared to be the noontide of his usefulness. He left 
lis mourned bv the nations of earth and loved by the people 
of our whole country ; but his works live after him, and his 
memorv will be cherished in the hearts of his countrymen 
for all time. McKinley lived through periods of history 
makine, and his name is written, in words which can 
never be effaced, on the brightest pages of the history 
of tho.se times. When his body was being carried to and 
tenderly placed in its windowless apartment at Canton, Ohio, 
business throughout the entire country ceased and silence 
reigned. No grander evidence of the feelings of the great 
heart of this nation has ever before been exhibited. He left 
an example of honor, integrity, unswerving devotion to duty, 
and an exalted patriotism worthy of the commendation and 
emulation of all. Throirghout the future hi.story of this 



184 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

countn- the memory of William McKinley will live — live 
ill the hearts of our people, imbesmirched and unsullied, and 
his acts, works, and efforts will stand as beacon lights to 
which others may look with profit in the days to come. 

Februar%- 15, 1904, our flag again floated at half-mast as 
the whispered words were passed from lip to lip that "Sena- 
tor Marcis a. Haxna is dead." Self-made, as we call it. 
Senator Hanna'.s life was a busy one. Born in Xew 
Lisbon, Columbiana County, Ohio, September 24, 1837, he 
forged his way by honest effort and hard work to business 
prominence in a busy world. He attained wealth b\- honest 
effort, business intelligence, and level-headed .sagacity. He 
accomplished this not by pulling others down, but b\- apph- 
ing business principles and availing himself of the opportu- 
nities wliicli his country afforded. What Senator H.\xx.\ 
did in a business way others with the same energy and per- 
severance ma\' accomplish in this grand Connnonwealth of 
ours. By his indomitable energ\' and untiring efforts he 
builded a business mouunn.nt in life aromid which his 
thousands of employees ha\e cast their garlands of approba- 
tion, and over the cold sods which cover his remains to-day 
they are dropping their tears of .sympathy and expressing 
their regrets that one of their warmest friends has ]\a.s.sed 
awa)'. 

Wliile always active in politics in a limited .sense, yet 
not utuil iS(;6 did he lake sucli part in political affairs as 
to make him a national character and a prominent figure in 
l)<)litical life; but from the time of his selection as chairman 
of the Republican national committee Senator H.wna's 
name was known throughout the world. .\ Republican 



Address of Mr. S»iit/i, of Illinois 185 

from principle, he stood unhesitatingly, unswen'ingly, and 
uncompromisingly for the success of the policies of his 
part\-, believing full)-, as no one now questions he did, that 
the success of these policies were better calculated to 
advance, build up, foster, and improve the conditions of our 
people and country- than were the policies advocated by any 
other party seeking success at the hands of the voters. He 
devoted his time and great abilities to the ad\'ancement of 
those principles and achieving success for the policies which 
with all his heart and force he advocated. Our country' 
to-day has a brilliant record of the success achieved under 
his guidance and masterful management. 

Many may envy his accomplishments, but does anyone 
now doubt the sincere and earnest belief he entertained in 
the benefits which would accrue from the success of the 
principles he ad\-ocated? The American people are noted 
for doing justice to ability, intelligence, and principle, even 
though the meed of praise may for a time be deferred, and 
to-day Senator H.\nn.\'s memory receives the reward of 
praise which his life work deser\'es. 

I often feel that 'twould be better far to cheer by words 
of praise and encourage by acts of commendation the efforts, 
work, and accomplishments of friends while yet they tread 
the paths of life, struggling and laboring in the interest of 
all, than wait till after their life work is completed and then 
scatter flowers o'er their windowless tombs and laud their 
virtues, their abilities, their labors, and their patriotism, 
when their ears are closed to all the sounds of enconiuras 
and praises which then, and .so often only then, are ex- 
pressed. 



1 86 Life and Character of Marais A. Hanna 

Xo one is perfect ; all lia\ x- their faults, their failinjjs, 
their shortcoininjjs. We do not expect perfection here, and 
since this is the universal law the mantle of charit\- should 
be home by every individual, ready at all times to be thrown 
about the shoulders of anyone when criticism or calunmy 
is directed against him before he exercises the right to seri- 
ously criticise or impvigii the motives of his friend. Before 
criticising, would it not be more generous and eminentlv 
more charitable to hesitate and say, " I may be mistaken ; 
he may be right ; before passing judgment I will investi- 
gate?" And after this is done we all can say, " 'Twas 
better far to take this course than wait till after death to 
determine, and then strew flowers of eloquence over the cold 
and cheerless apartment to which we have consigned the 
body of our friend." 

As wanderers in a world which, in the light of develoj>- 
ing science and discoveries, is as yet but little known, 
.something continuously whispers to our inner .selves that 
" 'Tis not the whole of life to live, nor all of death to die." 
Into each life, whether among the civilized or uncivilized, 
there comes a feeling, bidden or inibidden, some longing 
for a future, .some kind of a con.scious existence after the 
walls of earth's chaniel house are broken down. Shall we 
.say that this is but a dream? If but a dream, why should 
our intelligence be alwa\s haunted with it ? 1 prefer to 
beliexe that instead nf dreams such feelings are realities, 
inspired by that i)art of our lieiiig which to mortal ktii is 
yet unknown. 

The mvslerv of life has ne\er \ el l)een fully .solved ; ]K-r- 
haps 'lis heller thus. .\ veil is hanging 'twixt this and 



Address of Mr. Sniit/i, of Illinois 187 

that we know not of, through which we can not look and 
feast onr eyes on visions beyond, bnt o^lintino^.s reach us at 
every turn in life and lead us on in thought, with hope 
which lingeringly looks and longingh- waits for some 
bright rays, until we feel that at some time, somewhere, 
and in some sphere, which as }-et we can not explore, we'll 
meet again the wanderers who have glided from us here. 
May we not still fondh- hope that as earth's beautiful 
visions fade and what we now call death has kissed our 
eyelids down, we are then but entering a brighter sphere 
and higher existence than this, where we are now enveloped 
by shadows and all our paths are sprinkled with our tears? 
From earth's life Senator Haxxa has disappeared. His 
sphere in life was well filled; his duties well, faithfully, 
honesth', and honorably performed. The world is better 
for his having li\'ed in it. He worked for the betterment 
and upbuilding of mankind, and, as he said, was ready to 
devote the remainder of his life to the working out of the 
great questions of labor and capital, which will still be vex- 
ing subjects for years to come ; but it was not given him to 
continue and complete this work. He outli\-ed the slurs 
and vituperations which in the earlier part of his active 
political career had been hurled at and heaped upon him, 
and to-day partisan politics are hushed as with bowed 
heads, intelligent men, members of one of the greatest 
leeislative bodies of anv government on earth, bound 
together with the warmest feelings of friendship, inspired 
by love of patriotism, alwa\s ready and willing to recognize 
real merit wherever found, and ever commending noble 
aspirations, join hand and heart in offering their tribute of 



1 88 Life and Character of Marcus . I. I latnia 

respect to liis inemon- and coininendin<j his earnest, unself- 
ish, and patriotic life work to those who come after him. 

Peace to his ashes! Honor to his inteofritx, his ability, 
his sterling- manhood ! He left ns mourned by an apprecia- 
tive people. Mav we all profit by his example. 

While to Senator Hann.\ we to-da\- utter our faltering 
good-by, yet when the sunburst of eternity dawns upon us, 
we hope, we expect, and we believe that somewhere, at 
some time, and in some higher sphere we'll meet again. 



Address of Air. A'ylc, of Ohio 189 



Address of Mr. Kyle, of Ohio 

Mr. SPE.A.KER : There is, it is said, "a tide in the affairs of 
men which taken at the flood leads on to fortune." Many 
of us are painfull}- reminded that with the tide the oppor- 
tunity passes away like ships that pass in the night, unseen, 
unheard, never to return again. Mr. Hanna, while a young 
man, active, energetic, observant, and watchful, saw his 
opportunity, recognized it, seized it, u.sed it, and with it 
rode the tide at its flood from humble surroundings to the 
exalted place that he held in the hearts of the whole Amer- 
ican people ; and while on the highest wa\-e of his popu- 
larity, the waters receded from under him and he was buried 
from our sight forever. Over his faults all are content to 
spread the mantle of charitv, but his good deeds are the 
heritage of the whole people, .share and share alike. 

I did not know him intimatelv, but well. I first knew 
him personally in 1896 at the St. Louis convention, and 
met him often, always, however, in matters of politics, from 
that time on. I took part, in a humble way, in his memo- 
rable campaign for the United States Senate, when the will 
of the people was triumphant after a most prolonged and 
exciting effort. His rise in politics and his preeminent 
position in the affairs between capital and labor was from 
that time uninterrupted. 

His last campaign was not only brilliant, but the most 
marked persona^ and political \-indication of a man in 



190 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hainia 

American politics. His niajorit\-, as shown b\- election of 
the members of the general assembly, exceeded b\ main 
thonsands the majority over the Democratic candidate for 
governor, being almost nnanimons. His friends were fear- 
ful of his exertions, lest he might not be able to bear up 
under the strain ; but the same energy- that had marked his 
whole career was called into exercise, but the effort was too 
much. His work was done. The end had come ; and may 
his good deeds ever live as an inspiration to America's 
vouth and the possibilities to be obtained under our great 
free institutions. 



Address of Air. Morgan, of Ohio 191 



Address of Mr. Morgan, of Ohio 

]\Ir. Speaker : To the tribiite.s which are paid to tlie 
memory of one of the most distinguished of American citi- 
zens permit me to add a word expressive of my admiration 
for his character and my deep respect for him as a man. 
It is not my purpose to review his life. That has already 
been accurately and eloquently done by those who knew 
him intimately and well. " Paint me as I am," said Oliver 
Cromwell while sitting to young Lely. " If )ou lea\-e out 
the scars and wrinkles I will not pay you a shilling." 
Could Mr. Hanna now speak to us he would indorse that 
request. Many lessons of wisdom may be learned from his 
successful and useful life. It was a remarkable life, a mar- 
velous career that the ceremonies of this day commemorate. 

Great intellectual power, a loft\- aim and purpose, a rich 
nature, an enlightened conscience, perfect integrity, and a 
kind and tender heart won for Mr. Hann.\, in a marked 
degree, the respect, confidence, good will, and admiration of 
the American people. His life and character are a striking 
illustration of the spirit, the tendencies, and the jjossibilities 
of free institutions. He was a great and good man, and his 
goodness was the crown of his greatness. He was great in 
intellect. A clear, discriminating, logical, and consecutive 
thinker, he grappled successfully with ever}- political, social, 
and economic problem that claimed his attention. He was 



192 Lijf and Character- of Marcus A. Iloiiiia 

accustomed to collect and hurl his whole mental force 
ao^ainst the citadels of truth, and carry them, as it were, by 
storm. 

With the capacity to master every situation completely, 
he had, in a rare dejp-ee, the ability to make his views con- 
vincinu;l\- clear to others. He was grifted with remarkable 
intellectual powers. He was (^reat in word. He appealed 
to the inlellijjence, the judj^ment, the reason, and the con- 
science of his hearers, and his wise utterances always rose 
above prejudice, above passion, above personal considera- 
tions, to the sublime heights of philo.sophy whose logic is 
invincible. Perhaps he was not an orator in the ordinary 
sense of the term. He never seemed to aim at rhetorical 
effect. Sincerity and earnestness characterized his words, 
and his deliver) was at times impassioned and always 
clear, logical, and effective. He was the imjjer.sonation of 
tremendous will power. Sustained by an indomitable will, 
patienth'. jiersistently, and perseveringly in the face of 
di.sappoinluienl and failure, he liore his way through great 
difficulties and accomplished great re.sidts. 

In limes of uncertainty and doubt men were prone to 
gather around his strong will and draw inspiration and 
confidence from its unflinching self-reliance. Words com- 
ing up out of the heart and .sent forth with a conunamling 
purpose never failed to make a deep imj>ression. \\"ilh an 
unfaltering purjio.se he applied himself to e\er\- task, and 
onlv death it.self could subdue his o\ermastering will. He 
was great in what may be termed "representative capac- 
itv." He became one of the e.xjx^ueuts of the hopes, 
aspirations, and triumphant sentiments of the American 



Address of Mr. Morgan, of Ohio 193 

people. It is a well-recognized truth that he who leads 
must follow. Mr. Haxxa identified himself with certain 
ideas and convictions that were dominant in the minds of 
the people, and to them gave his life, his strength, his all. 
He was also great in character. In everv relation of life 
he exhibited the traits of honesty, inflexible integrity, and 
a sacred regard for the rights of others. He was true to 
himself, true to his friends, true to coinitry, and true to 
Christian civilization. His convictions were of the con- 
science enlightened by the judgment and reason, and were 
never surrendered for the sake of expediency. He was a 
conspicuous example of that type of our great men who 
have been distinguished for the persistenc}- with which 
they have adhered to their convictions of justice, honor, 
and right. The grandest treasures of a republic are its 
manly men, and in the death of Mr. Hanna the countn,' 
has suffered an irreparable loss. 

His life was gentle, and the elements 

So mix'd in him, that Nature might stand up 

And say to all the world, "This was a man!" 

Naturalists tell us that birds of paradise fly swiftest 
against the wind and gather strength from the opposing 
gale. When Mr. Hanna entered public life no man was 
more misunderstood, more underestimated, and more mis- 
represented, but the stoma of abuse and vituperation only 
ser\'ed to stimulate the growth and development of his 
intellectual and moral qualities. While his public career 
was comparatively brief, the power of originality and con- 
structive statesmanship, a progressive spirit, candor, and 
sincerity, tireless energy, a dauntless will, and noble deeds 
S. Doc. 321, 5S-2 13 



194 Life and Character of Marais A. Ilaiiiia 

for countn- and humanity, gave him a place among the 
foremost citizens of the Republic. Because of what he 
was, because of what he represented, and because of what 
he did, the memory of this clean-handed, clear-minded, 
strong-hearted man will be forever enshrined in the hearts 
of his countninen. 

His mortal remains rest in the bosom of the State he 
ser\'ed so faithfully and loved so well, but his thoughts, 
words, and deeds, spirit and example will be reproduced in 
other sympathetic souls, let us hope, until the stars shall 
cease to twinkle and steal away into eternal darkness ^nd 
the earth itself and man shall be no more. Mr. Haxn".\ is 
not dead. Such men never die. He stepped into the skies 
at the close of a life crowned with honor and usefulness. 

To live willi fame 
The gods allow to many, but to die 
With equal luster is a blessing Heaven 
Selects from all her choicest boons of Fate, 
.\ud with a s])aring hand on few bestows. 



Address of Mr. Hildebraut, of Ohio 195 

Address of Mr. Hildebrant. of Ohio 
Mr. Spe.\ker: 

As in many groups they were busied in diverse occupations, some in 
games and others in work, the Master opened the door and with a smile 
beckoned to the leader of the busiest group, who, laying down his tools, 
went within and the door shut behind him. His comrades waited for 
him, and, finding that he came not, realized that that was death. 

It is said that centtiries ago a pagan philosopher used 
this inustratioii of what we call death, and — 

We have seen it occur in our midst that the Master came into the 
busiest group and beckoned the master of the group into the open door. 
He followed and the door shut. "God's finger touched him, and he 
slept." 

The life of M.\RCUS Alonzo H.\xx.\ was a busy life. 
It teemed with happenings, both small and great. It was 
not, however, a career fashioned and formed by the 
"changes and chances of this mortal life," but it was a 
career that from beginning to end .shaped and directed not 
only the affairs of men, but itself as well ; that met and 
overcame obstacles ; that bra\-ely encountered and mastered 
problems ; that mapped out its own course, and largelv 
influenced the course of others. Every minute of his life 
was occupied with thoughts and actions which had for 
their purpose the betterment of the condition of his fellow- 
men and of his countr\', and his own success was inciden- 
tal to his unselfish efforts in behalf of others. He was a 
leader of men, and he came into this leadership solely by 
virtue of his demonstrated ability to lead. 

He became a great man. It has been said that " some 
men are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have 



196 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

w^reatness thrust upon them."' Tliat the greatness of Sen- 
ator Hanna was achieved there is no room for doubt. It 
was recogiiized, 1 belie\'e, by e\-en those who were wont to 
\illif\- and caricature him, that he carxed out his own career. 
He died in the mid.st of his labors, and still his work may be 
said to have been finished, for so thorou<jh were his methods 
and so prompt his actions that he left little undone. 

To ni\- mind Marcus A. Manna was the ideal American 
citizen. It was through a sen.se of duty that he entered 
actively into the political field. He might have ended his 
life's labors in the seclusion and peace of his home as a 
retired business man and have held aloof from politics as 
from .something contaminating, as, alas, do many of our 
successful business men, but he felt his place to be in the 
din and noi.sc of life's battle, where he could use his great 
abilities in the right settlement of political questions, as he 
had u.sed them in the business and social and ethical fields 
of his endea\ors. His rise in the political arena was sub- 
stantial, tliough rapid, for it was the result of the appli- 
cation of llic methods that brought him his other successes, 
methods that win success everywhere and under all condi- 
tion.s — straightforwardness, honesty, frankness, truth, and 
sincerity. 

These virtues were the warp and wi-K)f of Mark H.wna's 
cliaracter, and linked as they were to an indomitable will 
and a liigli pur])ose, lliev maiie for the best that human 
nature can acconii)lish. 

Senator Hanna had no siJccialty. He ilid all tilings 
well. And it w:ls the aggregate of his acliievenients that '■ 
made him great, rather than any one thing he did. He 



Address of Mr. Hildcbrant^ of Ohio 197 

did things simply and without ostentation. He exercised 
his abilities quietly and unassumingly, yet he left the 
impress of his strong- personality upon ever}' thing or 
subject with which he came in contact. 

He had a bright, genial, siumy disposition, which com- 
pletely hid whatever disappointments came into his life. 
His friends loved him and his enemies had learned to 
respect him. He in turn loved his friends and despised not 
his enemies. This nuitual lo\-e was not platonic or feigned, 
nor was it s\'cophanc\' on the one side for favors granted 
or expected or, on the other side, a false ]irofession of 
friendship, but it was real and true .affection, as was evi- 
denced by the sincere- grief of Senator Hanna's hosts of 
friends when his earthly life ended. The entire country, 
not much less than the State of Ohio, mourns his taking 
away, and our feelings are akin to those we experienced 
when our loved McKinley was so ruthlessh- snatched 
from us. 

But, Mr. Speaker, it can not be that the busy and fruit- 
ful life of MARcr.s A. Haxna is as a story that is told. 
I believe that, although his earthlv activities have ceased, 
he will live on in the minds and hearts of men until the 
end of time as an exemplar of ci\'ic and political virtue 
and of personal rectitude of character; and I think that 
more than to any others should he be to the young men 
of America an example of right living, as a business man 
and as a politician, as a statesman and as a friend, as a 
husband and as a father, for — 

His life -was j;entle, and the elements 

So mix'd in him, that Nature might stand up 

And sa}- to all the world, " This was a man! " 



ig8 Life and Character o/Afarais A. /fauna 



Address of Mr. Gibson, of Tennessee 

Mr. vSpeakkr: In tin- Tlieta Delta Clii fraternity, to 
which I belong, when we assemble to bun- a brother 
each one of us deposits a flower upon his grave; and 
so here to-day where we liave assembled to complete the 
funeral ceremonies in honor of a man who in a larger 
.sense was our brother, 1 come to put a flower of affection 
in that bouquet of love and respect we this dav, in tlie 
name of the American ])eople, deposit in llie most sacred 
archives of this Capitol as a token of devotion to the 
memory of MARCf.S Ai.oxzo Haxn.-\. 

I do not .speak of Senator Haxna as an intimate per- 
sonal friend. My relations to him were mainlv political. 
< )\ving to some mutual misunderstandings, our first 
acquaintance was hostile, but as .soon as Ik- under.stood the 
facts about which we differed he not onl\- accorded to me 
all that I had contended for, but conceded more than I had 
the right to e.xpect, and became my friend, and continued 
m\ friend down to liis deatii. 

.SKNATOR IIAN.NA'S M.VC.X.'iN I M ITV 

Sucli was the magnanimity lie ilispiayed toward me that 
I at once felt that he was a truly great man and a tnil\ 
good man, for he liad almost unliuiiti-d p.pwcr in ilic 
matters alx.ut wliieli we differeii, and a small-niin.ltd man 
or a bad-heane<l man would ha\e u.seil his powii u< have 



Address of Mr. Gibson, of Tennessee 199 

crushed me, whereas Senator Haxxa not only righted the 
wrong he had done me, but gave me more than I con- 
tended for. The result was I soon learned to respect and 
honor him, and lu)- regard grew as nn- knowledge of him 
increased, until at the time of his death I had a respect and 
reverence for him greater than for any living man. 

When my trouljles with Senator Hanna over some 
appointments in my district began I carried my case to 
President McKinley. The President, after hearing me, 
said: "I am satisfied. You go to Senator Haxna and tell 
him what j-ou have told me, and he will do you right. You 
can trust him; he is a just man." I protested that Senator 
Hanna had been saturated with misinformation and was 
much prejudiced against me. The President replied: "I 
know him better than )-ou do. He will do \o\\ justice." 
So I went again to Senator Hanna and found him the just 
man President McKinley had represented him. 

I mention these personal matters to illustrate the charac- 
ter of Senator H.\nn.-\. I am satisfied that the great power 
he wielded during the opening of McKinley's first Admin- 
istration did not inflame his heart with pride or dcveloj) the 
slightest traits of tyranny. 

oh, it is excellent 
To have a giant's strength; but it is tyrannous 
To use it like a giant. 

I wondered at first why Senator Hanna had been so 
magnanimous. I confess I had not been accustomed to the 
chivalric magnanimit}- he accorded me. In my political 
warfare hitherto the only alternative was to cut down m\- 
adversary or be cut down by him in a conflict that knew 
neither truce nor surrender, and when Senator Hann.\ 



200 Life and Character of Marcits A. Hantia 

con:edecl to nu- wliat I was claiming, when I was absolutely 
in his power, I could hardly realize the fact. 

But as time rolled on, and I learned more of him from 
many sources, I realized that my contention had been with 
a oreat and good man, who scorned to belittle himself by 
taking advantage of his power, but rather took pleasure in 
righting the wrong he had done. 

Great, therefore, was the personal blow I felt when the 
news came that Senator Haxx.\ was dead, and the blow I 
felt tens of thousands of others felt, and a pall of gloom 
overspread the whole land. One of the great lights in our 
country's firmament had ceased to shine, and in .sorrow we 
all realized that the eclipse was forever, e.xcept in .so far as 
its light was reflected on the pages of our country's hi.stor\' 
and in the hearts of his fellow-citizens and in the admira- 
tion of all mankind. 

TIIK I-KIK.N'USHIP l)K m'kINLKV K(1R H.VXXA 

President McKinle\- and Senator H.axn.\ were .so closely 
allied that, knowing McKinley's affection for H.\.\x.\ and 
his supreme confidence in his judgment and goodness, and 
knowing, too, H.\xx.\'s affection for his great chief, and his 
absolute loyalty, when McKinle\' was .so suddenly and .so 
tragically cut off in llu- \ery noondax' of his greatness and 
glorv, it .seemed to me that his jiersonal mantle had fallen 
on the Titanic shoulders of Senator H.\nn.\, and .so my 
regard and reverence for him, already great, was much 
increa.sed. 

I easily recall that pathetic niunienl wlieii, stretched on 
the ]iaiuful bed of death at Huffalo, the dying McKinley, 
unable to .see who was ])resent in the room, called out, "Is 



Adcfj-css of Mr. Gibson, of Tennessee 201 

Mark here?" and how, when Senator Hanna spoke to 
him and laid his hand npon his head, the President seemed 
to feel relieved, and a smile of complacent satisfaction lit 
np his face and illumined the room. 

And, as after ]\Ir. ]McKinle\''s death the nation loved and 
honored him the more, so also the nation began to honor 
and love Hanna more. The sanctity that enveloped 
McKinley in the public estimation, transfiguring him into 
a .saintly hero after his martyrdom, shed its holiness and its 
glory upon McKinley's greatest friend and closest political 
brother, until H.a.nn.\ him.self became the living represen- 
tative and successor of the dead ]McKinle\- and the per- 
petuator of his d\-nasty. 

And when he died it seemed not only that the great Ohio 
Senator had fore\-er departed from our midst, but that the 
lingering spirit of McKinle\- had departed with him, and 
that a great era in our country's history, an era crowded 
with manv and mighty events, changing our history and 
the history and map of the world, an era more brilliant, 
more glorious, more magnificent, and more fruitful of 
mightv and beneficent consequences than any in our history 
since the davs of Washington — it seemed to us all that 
with the death of ]\IcKinle\- and Hanxa this stupendous 
and illustrious era had forever closed and the volume of 
the record thereof had been completed for all time. 

h.\xna, hobart, and m'kixley, the gre.\t trium- 
virate 

How mighty, how magnificent, how thrilling, and yet 
how tragic, the pageant beheld by the American people 
since that da\-, only seven years ago, when ]\IcKinley, 



202 /.//(■ ami C/iaracter of Man us A. llaiina 

Hobert, and Hanna first stood up in this Capitol to be 
crowned with the greatest political honors the greatest 
Republic (^f the world ever Ix'stows. McKinley. Hobart, 
and Hanna, a niight>- triumvirate of patriots, only seven 
short vears ago here in our midst, encircled by the great 
men of our nation, fidl of life and joy and hope, the 
crowned continerors in a tremendous political contest, the 
recipients of llie iilaudits of many millions of enthusiastic 
friends, happy in tlie wide prospect of almost milimited 
power, inspired with great plans for the welfare of their 
party, the good of their country, and the happiness of 
mankind, the circumambient air balmy with the breath 
of millions of spring's fairest flowers, and the heavens 
reverberating with the applause of countless multitudes of 
men, the music of man\- martial bands, and tin.' thunder 
of cannons shouting their approbation. 

What a sublime event ! Grand and spectacular enough 
to ha\e drawn to it the spirits of our patriot dead. .\nd 
now where are tlK>e three choice statesmen of our countr\' 
and our generation? Where are McKinley, Hobart, and 
1 1 A N N A ? Gone, gone — forever gone ; gone like the sublime 
pageant that ushered in their inauguration — 

.\iicl, like the baseless fabric of this vision, 
The cloiiil-cappM towers, the gorgeous p;ilace; 
The sdleiiiu temples, the jjreat >;lobe itself. 
Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve, 
.\n(l, like this in.snbstantial pa);eant faded, 
Leave not a rack behind. 

Hut time continues, the sea.sons come and go, seed time 
and harvest follow each other in orderly sticce.ssion, the 
Reptiblic of our love survive.s, the same God who ha.s cared 



Address of Mr. Gibson, of Tciuiissee 203 

for us since the days of Washington still keeps watch and 
ward over ns, other great men are raised up to take their 
stand in the field of action and to occupy their seats in the 
halls of council ; and the eagle of Colnniljia soars and circles 
triumphantly above the Dome of the nation's Capitol, with 
unruffled feathers and steady wing, in an unclouded sky, 
bathed in the golden light of that sun he loves so well, his 
eye sweeping to every confine of the Republic, and his cry 
of supremacy challenged b)- no nation in all the world. 

HANNA A XAPOLEOX IN" POLITICAL WARFARE 

Senator Hanxa was a politician, but a politician in the 
largest sense. He brought to politics the practical methods 
of business. He organized his part\- as it was never organ- 
ized before, and it was this organization that brought vic- 
tory to his side. And when we consider that this organi- 
zation covered a continent and embraced 45 States and 
70,000,000 people, we have some slight conception of the 
magnitude of the imdertaking. 

So marveloush' fitted was he by nature and by training 
and b\- inclination to head the great ann\- of protection 
and sound money in the tremendous conflict with the 
leo^ions of free silver and free trade that he .seemed created 

o 

and commissioned and inspired for the leadership. Truly — 

We are but as the instruments of Heaven: 
Our work is not design, but destiny. 

The battle waged b}- the contending hosts in 1896 was 
the most stupendous ever fought in the jjolitical world. 
Senator H,\N'N.-\'s opponents numbered over 6,000,000 \-ot- 
ing men, all active, patriotic, and enthusia.stic Americans, 



204 l^ifc (tiid Character o/'J/ani/s A. Hatitta 

drilled by captains skilled in political warfare, marshaled 
for the conflict by veteran leaders, and captained by a 
political Henry of Navarre whose enero-y was sublime, 
whose confidence seemed inspired by a destiny, whose 
splendid personality fired his followers with an enthusiasm 
akin to frenzy, and whose talents and jcenins ma_a;-netized 
all who met or heard him. 

For four monilis the battle ra<^ed. I-"orly-five States, 
some of them equal to nations in territory- and population, 
were the battle fields, and a whole continent the jjeneral 
theater of operations. From Lakes to Gulf, from river to 
mountain, from land to .sea, and from ocean to ocean the 
war of the mighty conflict resounded. 

The forces of Bryan raged and flamed far and wide like a 
prairie fire, and nothing seemed able to stay the irresistible 
conflagration; the forces of Haxxa mo\ed forward like 
tremendous ocean waves, sweeping all before them and 
beating down all opposition. The advocates of free .silver 
came rushing on like the tempestuous tornado of torrid 
climes, crushing e\-erything in its fury; the defenders of the 
gold standard withstood the .shock as the mountain with- 
stands the tempest. The champions of free trade, like the 
guards of Xajioleon at Waterloo, charged at the close of the 
battle with an enthusiasm and valor that no human anny 
seemed able to resist; but the phalanxes of protection, like 
the invincilile troops of Wellington, held their ground with 
an endurance and a courage .seldom equaled and never sur- 
passed in i)olitical warfare. 



Address of Mr. Gibson, of Tennessee 205 

THE ANIMOSITY IN THK CAMPAIGN 

As in ancient warfare the main strnggle was to slay the 
chieftain in command, so in this battle every effort was 
made to destroy this champion of protection and sonnd 
money. Ten thonsand venomons slanders were hurled at 
him; cartoons withont number were fired at him; the 
heaviest political artillery, loaded to the muzzle with the 
most destructive ammunition, poured upon him a ceaseless 
cannonade, a#d millions of political squibs, torpedoes, 
popguns, and firecrackers made a deafening uproar when- 
ever his name was mentioned or where\-er he appeared on 
the field of action. 

In that tremendous conflict wherever he was there the 
fio-ht was hottest and the tlnuider of combat the loudest. 
Leonidas at the pass of Thermopyte, fighting almost single 
handed against the countless hosts of Persia, was not more 
fiercely assailed than was Hanna in the tremendous battle 

of 1896. 

But amid the sulphurous storms of calumny, the fierce 
lightnings of invective, and the fearful thunders of denun- 
ciation; amid the incessant and fiery assaults of editors and 
cartoonists; amid the hissing shafts of invective and the 
ponderous maledictions of might)- orators, hurled amid 
immense crowds with mighty .shouts of approval, and rein- 
forced- by the most malignant resolutions, vociferously and 
unanimously adopted, :\Iark Hanna stood— 

Like Teneriffe or .\tlas unremoved— 

and in no degree disconcerted or dismayed, .serenely issu- 
ino- his orders to his lieutenants, or issuing encouraging 



2o6 Life and Character of Marcus .1. Hauua 

bulletins of the projfress of the l)attle in distant parts of 
the field. 

As sonic tall cliff that lifts its awful form, 
Swells from the vale, and midway leaves the storm, 
Thougli round its breast the rolling clouds are spread, 
Eternal sunshine settles on its head. 

Some one has .said that free thought is coninionlv under- 
stood to be the right to freely expre.ss our contempt for the 
thoughts of others, and Goethe has said that all the Ger- 
mans gained b\- the freedom of their pre.ss was the liberty 
of abusing each other as much as they liked. And .so in 
our countr>-, those men are loudest mouthed in claiming 
the right of free speech who are foulest mouthed in mis- 
using that right. 

In politics misrepresentation, vilification, abuse, and 
travesty, cartoons, caricatures, and .scurrilit\- are so com- 
mon that many liave come to regard them as legitimate, 
and .some consider them es.sential, while not a few look on 
a political campaign without these accessories as dull, flat, 
stale, and improfitablc. 

Having been given the leadership of his part> in two 
great Pre.sidential campaigns. Senator H.anna made no 
complaint when assailed 1)\- ever\- form of speech, .song, 
picture, and print that political ingenuity could devise or 
partisan ])rejudice concoct. 

When reviled, he reviled not again. Ik- heeded not the 
a.ssaults of his antagoni.st.s. He was blind to the cartoon 
and deaf lo the defamation, devoting all his tlioughts and 
all his energies to the education of the peojile in the i.ssues 
of the campaign, carefully pointing out and mile marking 
tile road f. pr..s]Kr1l\- and tlie ])athwa>s of j.eace and 
plenty. 



Address of ]\Ir. Gibson, of Tennessee 207 

hanna's grand triumph ovkr calumny 

But when the battle had been fouufht and won ; when 
people of all parties, on a nearer and fuller view, had better 
opportunities to study and understand this "Teat party 
leader, this omnipotent campaign manager ; when his pri- 
vate record had been all searched, and found so bright and 
so blameless ; when it was found that the mud of slander 
thrown at him did not stick, that tlie arrows of malice did 
not wound, that the charges fired at him had but ended in 
noise, and that, like a niighty warship coming out of the 
storm and the battle and the breakers unharmed into the 
port of safety, with flags of triumph flying and the bands of 
music playing the tunes of victor}- and of ']o\ ; when it was 
seen that Hanna, like good gold, was onh- the brighter 
for the rubbing he had received ; when his manifold acts of 
charity and benevolence became better known ; when his 
earnest and persistent efforts to aid the laboring men of the 
nation to secure a larger share in the fruits of their industrv 
besan to be considered, and when, last of all, his beautifid 
devotion to \\'illiam McKinley won for him a better hear- 
ing and a more considerate judgment ; then the storms of 
prejudice that had thundered about him began to disap- 
pear; then the arrow of malice was put back into its quiver; 
then the missile was dropped by the hand that held it ; then 
the cartoonist threw awa}- his pencil, and the mouth of the 
accuser was closed, and lo ! the world beheld in ]\Iarcus 
Alonzo Hanna one of the world's best and greatest men 
and one of nature's noblemen. 

General Grant, dying on Moiuit .McGregor, no longer the 



2o8 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

target of political opponents, no longer breathing an at- 
mosphere foul with slander, no longer belittled by hired 
cartoonists, no longer exposed to the poison-tipped shafts of 
irony and invecti\'e, but dying in perfect peace, in an at- 
mosphere sweet with fragrance of flowers and the breath of 
a holy and universal sympathy, beloved by the hnndreds of 
thousands who had fought under him, honored and respected 
by the hundreds of thousands who had fought against hini, 
reverenced ])y all men, of all parties, and of all sections — 
Grant, dying on Mount McGregor, had not more completely 
lived down all personal and political hostility than had 
Marcts a. Haxxa, dying at the Arlington, amid the lam- 
entations of the mighty nation he loved so well and had 
stri\en so hard to ser\-e. 

Senator Hanna was clean in his politics. It is said by 
his successor, Senator Dick, that none of the money spent 
by him in the great McKinlev campaign was used for cor- 
ruption. He kept no slop trough to which the swine of 
politics might resort. His aim was to fill the head of the 
voter and not his stomach; to reach the voter's heart through 
his head and not through his jiocket. " Millions for instruc- 
tion, but nt)t one cent for corruption," was his motto, and 
the campaign of education he conducted by jX'U, pencil, 
pre.ss, picture, and jireacher was the most remarkable in 
magnitude and effectivene.ss this counttA', or any countr\', 
luis e\er known. 

IIANNA rill-: tllAMI'ION OK TUK I'ANAMA KOI TK 

Ne.\l to his succe.ss as a caj)lain in great political battles. 
Senator Hann.\ will be l)esl remembered ft>r his eliani- 
l)ionshi]> of the l'au;inia Canal. In eonsei|uence of the 



Address of Mr. Gihsoit, of Tcinicsscc 209 

French ownership of the Panama ronte and the contracts 
between the French owners and the Repnblic of Colombia, 
onr coiintry seemed shnt ont from the Panama ronte, and 
we were consequently forced to look np another ronte for 
onr canal. 

Then it was that we tnrned to the Nicaragna ronte, and 
we had almost determined to construct our canal on that 
route when Senator Haxxa, with surprising resolution and 
powerful argumentation, and almost unaided and alone, 
stood forth as the champion of Panama ; and such was the 
force of his arguments and so convincing the facts he 
arraved in behalf of his contention that he succeeded in 
having Panama brought into consideration ; and he finally 
won a triumphant success in having the Panama route 
selected and acquired. 

Never in our history- has one man ever won a more signal 
victorv. Solitary and alone he began the battle, and when 
the friends of the Nicaragua route came rushing on with 
triumphant shouts and in irresistible mnnbers, Haxx.\, 
undaunted, stood in their way, and by his courage and per- 
sistence, hx his logic and zeal, and especially by the great 
influence he wielded with the head men of the nation, he 
staved the almost unanimous sentiment in favor of the 
Nicaragua route and succeeded in ha\-ing Panama chosen 
in its stead. 

More than three hundred years ago that great navigator, 
Sir Walter Raleigh, told Queen Elizabeth that the nation 
owning Panama held " the keys of the world," and Senator 
Hanna, by having the Panama route selected, secured for 
our country "the keys of the world." 
S. Doc. 321, 5S-2 14 



2IO /,/'/(' and Character of Marcus A. rlaiina 

And wlicii the Panama Canal sliall have been completed, 
and the marriage of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans finally 
consummated, after being separated since the foundation of 
the world, when the ships of all nations pass through I hope 
their sailors may behold upon the heights of Culebra, half- 
way between the seas, the statue of Marci'S A. Hanxa, 
rising like a Titan, both arms outstretched, one jxjinting 
toward the Atlantic and the other toward the Pacific, and 
inscribed nn tlie statue's pedestal in electric letters these 
words : 

Bcholil the two oceanswhich thiscanal, like a iiiarriageb md.has united 
and made as one. 

Senator Hanna was a lover of his coiuitry, and gave evi- 
dence of this by joining the Federal Arm\- in the great strug- 
gle for the ])reser\aliou <if the I'uion, and was one of the 
men assigned to the defense of this city and participated in 
the battle at I'ort Ste\ens in Jul\', 1864. 

HANNA A I.OVKK ( U' HIS l-l-.I.I.OW-MAN 

A man who lo\es his countr\' necessarilv loves his couu- 
lr\ineu, and .Senator Hanna ga\e man\- exidences of his 
good will for his fellow-man and was constantly engaged in 
works of benevolence and deeds of charity. 

While worth millions of money, while a Senator of the 
United States from one of our greatest States, while forced 
by his ])osition and associations into the constant company 
of the rich, the great, and the fanK)\is, Senator Hanna 
never forgot that there were jujor men and ])oor women and 
poor children in the world, never ceased to remember the 
humble toilers in the mine, the mill, the factory, and the 



, Address of Mr. Cilison, of Tennessee 21 1 

field, and his great heart and j^rea: mind were deeply inter- 
ested in plans to better their condition and make happier 
their lives. And he often said lie would rather harmonize 
labor and capital, rather devise a pl.ti whereunder the 
employer and the employee might c:« -perate with mutual 
good will and mutual advantage, than ;;. I.i, President of the 
United States; and the last years of his lift were devoted 
to. the soltition of this stupendous problem. 

He was one of the founders and the cha:,.:.an of the 
National Civic Federation, a societ\' formed for the purpose 
of reconciling diiTerences between large corporations and 
their employees, using the Cioldeu Rule as their niotu.i and 
law of action ; and great was the good he had done and was 
doing at his death, through this federation, as well as bv 
his individual efforts. Well might he have said with the 
Roman poet — 

Homo .sum; humaiii nihil a me alienum puto — 

" I am a human being, and nothing that concerns a human 
being is a matter of unconcern to me." 

The labor organizations of the United States had learned 
to trust him, the labor leaders were in constant consultation 
with him, and the philanthropists of the world had begun 
to concentrate their attention upon him as the man most 
likel\' to solve the problem of labor \-ersus capital to the 
advantage and satisfaction of both. And when Senator 
Hanna died there were no more sincere mourners at his 
grave than the laboring men of our country; and truly 
might there be inscribed on his tombstone: 

IjOved by the poor and lionoreil b\' the i^reat. 



212 Life and Chara frr of Marcus A. Hanua 

The great jjlans In iiad formed for the revival of the 

American merchant marine, for the reconciliation of labor 

and capital, for : amelioration of the condition of the 

poor, and for llu perpetuation of American prosperity he 

did not live ! carry out; and when he died all of these 

great questicr-- lost a powerful champion and a zealous and 

effective fiii nd. To all of those interested in the happy 

solution I these problems he was a \erital)le tower of 

stren.iril!, a — 

Tower of strength, 
Wliiih stcMjil fuiir-sfjuare to all the winds that lilew. 

We failed fully to realize how great and good a man 
lu was until he died, and tlien we were appalled by the 
magnitude of the \acancy made by his death. \"erily, he 
was a colossus in politics and in statesmanship, and for 
generations his riiighty proportions will be the standard 
by wliicli political greatness will Ve measured; and also 
f(»r generations will he be pointed to as an example of 
how a man can ])e great in politics and in statesmanship 
and great in business enterprises and commercial ventures 
and great as the friend of the poor, the helper of the 
lunnble, and the benefactor of charity — all at the same 
lime. 

Hut llie curtain has fallen uixm the scenes of his 
activities. The jxill of death liides him from urn" \iew. 
He has become a citizen of another world, and all that 
is left for us is to remember his splendid deeds, to love 
him for his goodness, to honor him for liis greatness, 
and 111 emulate the magnificent example he luis left tis. 
The i)i(i,spirily i>f our oountrv is his mouumeul and the 
words of a nation's gratituite is his eiutaph. 



Address of Mr. Morrc/l, of Pennsylvania 213 



Address of Mr. Morrell. of Pennsylvania 

^Ir. Speaker: Inasuiuch as the characteristics and trend 
of mind of the late Marcus A. Hanna were a revelation 
and a subject of wide comment tb men of all classes in the 
State which 1 ha\-e the honor in an luimble capacit\' to 
represent, and having been in touch with both of the inter- 
ests which his thoughts, advice, and actions most vitally 
concerned, I shall venture to say a few words in his memon.'. 

Perhaps no other State in the Union is so prone as Penn- 
sylvania to what is called "strikes;" no State in which labor 
organizes and fights through strikes for what it considers 
its rights; no State in which, on the other hand, capital as 
determinedly opposes what it considers unjust demands on 
the part of labor. 

It might, therefore, have been supposed that with these 
problems alwaAS before them there would have arisen 
among the men of Penns\l\ania one who would perhaps 
have offered some practical stiggestions toward their solution, 
but it was left to the State of Ohio to produce such a man 
in the late ^Iarcus A. Haxxa. He more nearlv than any 
man up to his time liad approached the solution of this, the 
greatest problem which an industrial nation like the I'nited 
States has to face, and I believe that had he li\-ed lie would 
have sus:o;ested a method which would have satisfied both 
sides. 



214 Lifi-' i-^»d Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

Therefore, Pennsylvania and Penns\ Ivaniaiis owe much 
to Mr. Hanxa in brinu^injj them to realize the possibilities 
of a solution of the greatest problem which faces the eco- 
nomic conditions of their State. 

Senator Hanxa's g-reatness lay in his simplicity of 
character and the truthfulness of his soul. He treated 
great subjects with the .same directness of thought that 
he did .small, and belie\ed that they were as easy of solu- 
tion a.s small ones were the .same principles of honesty 
and conviction applied. 

Senator Hanna's great purposes and broad policies are 
borne tribute to by the measures he advocated and brought 
to success; his great qualities of mind by the high regard 
in which he was held by the great men of the hour; his 
nobleness of heart and affectionate nature by the thousands 
of ricli and poor, higli and low, wlio either came to liis 
l)ier to pav \isible tribute or niourneil in llieir hearts at 
home. 

It is the kindly acts which a man iK-rforms to tho.se who 
are .struggling on a lower plane which I think really proves 
true kindness of heart, for it is always coniparativeh' easy 
for a great man to do a favor for another great man. 

In this instance let me relate an anecdote. We all 
realize that the position of a new Cougre.ssman is not, as 
a rule, one to be envied. He comes here to Congre.ss 
luuiug promi.sed greater or le.ss things to his constituents, 
and he find.s — what each one of us found — thai he does 
not amount to much, (.xcejit to make up a quorum or to 
swell the vote b\ answering to roll call. 1 don't think 
a new Congressman ever forgets tho.si- wlio were kind to 



Address oj Mr. Morrcll, of Pcnnsyliuiiiia , 215 

him, or gave liiiii a helping; hand durinj;- his days of 
initiation. 

Now, there was a certain new Cong-ressman, not from 
Ohio, who had to go over to the Senate on a certain occa- 
sion to try to indnce his Senator to give his support to a 
measure in which some of his constituents were interested. 
He was not at all sure as to whether or not the Senator 
would give the support he desired, and his anxiet^■ was 
increased by his unsuccessful effort to find the Senator. As 
he was hurrying through the Marble Room, looking on this 
side and on that, he suddeuK' heard a genial voice call out, 
"Won't I do as well as the fellow you are looking for ? " 
and turning around he saw Senator Hanna seated on a sofa 
beside a friend, but with a hand held out to him. His fears 
vanished and his confidence in his purpose returned. 

No better example could be found of Senator H.-\nn.\'s 
character — always ready and even looking for opportunities 
to do a kind act. 

Of course, Mr. Speaker, men may come and men may go, 
and yet this busy world of ours still goes on ; but we can, 
one and all, concerning Marci'.s A. H.axn.^, join in ex- 
claiming : Oh, for the touch of the \anished liand (of friend- 
ship), and the sound of the voice (of encouragement) that is 
still ! " 

There is a set phrase to the effect that " some achieve 
greatness, others have greatness thrust upon them ; " but, 
after all, the only greatness, to \\\\ mind, worth ha\-ing is 
that greatness which comes as a tribute to love and sympa- 
th)' shown by a man to his fellow-men. 

We are told that " as we brought nothing into this world, 



2i6 Life and Character of Marcus .1. } lamia 

so WL- can take nothing out." Tliai may be trne as far as 
material thinjj^s are concerned, but can we realh- sa\- that 
Senator Haxxa took nothinj^ with liini, when the word of 
his death took jo)- from the hearts of thousands and left a 
nation in monrning? 

And if it be so that " as ye have lived so shall ye be 
judged," how great are the rewards we may confidently 
believe were awaiting him in llie land bevond the skies. 



Address of Air. Caldcrhcad^ of Kansas 2i; 



Address or Mr. Calderhead, of Kansas 

Mr. Speaker: I count it a privilege to .say a word in 
memory of niv friend Senator H.\xx.\. Living in the 
same faith and hope, with the .same purposes in life, and 
the .same segard for the great citizenship in which we live, 
and the same belief in the Divine purposes of this great 
nation, I bring my tribute to his life and ser\-ices. 

His character was not made in a day. One of his ances- 
tral race said, "There's many a hard stroke goes to the 
making of a man." If 1 could tell my boys the story of 
his life, it would be the .story of an American bo>- who 
went barefoot to an American district school, and then to 
the academv, and then to work, and then to business. 
And he played the same games and recited the same 
lessons, and learned labor and toil in the same way that 
American bovs who become men have played and learned. 

Trained in the stern old faith that God is the eternal 
God to whom we must answer for duty performed or duty 
neglected, he fought over and over again the battles of the 
soul that every true man must fight and must finally win. 
Truth and honor and fidelit\- became the constant attitude 
of his mind and soul by the constant exercise of these 
great things. No man who had not acquired strength" 
and endurance of soul by these battles with himself could 
have stood the conflict of life that came to him in the 



2i8 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hainta 

years of his puljlic career as he stood them and won the 
victory he won. 

P>ul liis <,rix;it \ictory o\-er adverse public opinion was not 
his orreatest victory. His later years were so associated 
with his friend President McKinle\' that the men can 
lianlly l)e separated in our minds. When we think of one 
we habitually think of the other. Both of them li\ed and 
labored to carr\- forward the divine jnirpo.se of hnmanit\ . 
Hoth came from the common American homes, from the 
common .\merican schools, from the common American 
business life. Hoth had the same standards of home life 
and duly, and the .same standards of public life and dut\. 

McKinle\' was a widow's son, a schoolboy, a .student, a 
citizen volunteer soldier, a lawyer, a member of Con<jress, 
a jjfovernor of his State, and then President of a jjreat nation 
of free people. \\1u n he tlied and was carried to his }j;ra\e 
the whole bns\- world sloi)])ed its busy work while his body 
was lowered to its <,na\e. "The Czar in his palace, the 
Kaiser in Berlin, Kin<.^ Kdward in Denmark, the Duke of 
York in Montreal, all nunilurs of the _>>o\'ernments in their 
offices, the workiu-^nnen in their factories, the people in the 
streets, trains and cars on tlieir tracks, steamships at sea 
and boats on the ri\'ers, all ])ublic buildiuj^s, stores, atid 
places of amu.senient, the entire machinery of mankind, 
came t<j a stop and stood still in silence while he was laid 
to rest." ill- liad conquered the worlil b\- his character. 

W'lun Senainr II.vnna la\ dyiuj;, at every place in the 
world men in(|uirt(l from hour ti> hour, and the hearts of 
mankind bowed wIkii the final me.s.s;i>;t.- canu-. His botU' 
was carried intn iIk- Ca|>itol of the nation and into the 



Address of Mr. Caldcrhcad^ of Kansas 219 

Chamber of the greatest leg^islatixe body in civilization. 
The Senators and Representatives of onr National Congress 
stood around his bier. The Snprenie Court of the United 
States, the greatest court in the world, came and stood un- 
covered beside him. The President and his Cabinet and 
the commanders of our Army and Navy stood beside him. 
The diplomatic corps, representing fifty-three nations of the 
e^rth, stood beside him. The eloquent Edward Everett 
Hale said the words of farewell and consolation and hope, 
and laid his character, like a benediction, upon us. 

Both these burials were the testimoin- of mankind to the 
character of the men whom Liberty's nation has given to 
the world. Christian mothers trained them both. How 
o-entle their lives are making us. What kindlv, earnest, 
strong standards of life they have given us, and how imper- 
ceptiblv and unconsciousK- we are following their stand- 
ards. The glories of our victories in the late war with 
Spain are almost forgotten in our memories of these men. 
The influence of their lives spreads over us all and inspires 
us with the faith that "love, honor, courage, fidelity, and 
a noble self-sacrifice are better than life." This is their 
victory over us. The\- have won our hearts, and their 
memories live to instruct our bo>-s. And beyond the veil, 
the>- are with the Redeemer, in wdiose faith they lived, and 
labored, and loved. " It is God's way; His will be done." 



2 20 Life and Character of Marcus A. J /anna 



Address of Mr. Adams, of Pennsylvania 

Mr. vSr]-:.\KKK: I lia\c never been tlioroni^hlN- in hanuonv 
willi iIk- cnstt)ni of holding memorial .ser\ice.s on deceased 
Members, for I think the best record a man can have is that 
of what he has accomplished during his service in Congress. 
While, however, the custom of paying tributes still con- 
tinues, there are times when friendship and admiration 
for a friend compel one to say a few simple words to the 
memory of the departed. 

Others who ha\ c had the great privilege of knowing the 
late Senator Hanx.-\ longer than myself ha\e full\- testified 
to the great ability, hone.sty, and kindness that pervaded 
all liis business relations during his long and succes.sful 
career. Ik- was one of the few of those citizens who 
ha\ing amassed a competence, instead of continuing to 
roll up riches, recognized the fact that e\ery citizen owes 
an obligation to our Repul)lic in return for the great 
jjrivileges its citizen.ship has conferred upon him. 

Indeed, sir, in my judgment one of the few dangers that 
may threaten our form of government in the future lies in 
the fact that so many of our citizens liecome so engrossed 
in their personal affairs that ihe\ utier]\ neglect the obli- 
gation that the right of suffrage lias impo.sed \\\h<\\ thmi. 
But vSenator H.\.\.na was not of that cla.ss. ( )ur counir\' 
would be under everlasting ol)ligations to Senator H.\n.\.\ 
if for nothing el.se than for his great work in bringing alxjut 



Address of Mr. Adams, of Pennsylvania 221 

the nomination and election of William McKinlev. Surelv 
that is enough of fame to make a man \i\e. forever in the 
history of his country, but Marcus A. If anna felt that he 
owed something to the Republic and that his duty was not 
completed with that work. At much personal loss and 
inconvenience he consented to come to Washington to rep- 
resent the people of the great State of Ohio in the National 
Senate. I doubt, sir, if any man of whom our histories 
speak in the short space of seven years ever acquired such 
great influence in the legislative body in which he had 
entered or by his work there gained such abiding faith 
among all classes of society as did Senator Hanna. He 
entered upon his political career somewhat hampered b}- 
the undeserved prejudice growing from ill-founded innuendo 
that his political methods were founded on a pecuniary 
basis, and that he would be unduly favorable to trusts and 
other large business corporations. 

In the struggle between capital and labor Senator Hanna 
took an active but impartial part. His unanimous selection 
to be the head of the National Civic Federation, designed 
to promote better relations and peace between capital and 
labor, showed the estimation in which he was held b\- both 
parties to this organization. Indeed, it is known that he 
was so wrapped, up in the development of this idea that 
he .said he would rather resign from the Senate than to 
give up his interest in that work. 

In the Senate of the United vStates his influence daih- 
widened. Of whatever subject he ad\-ocated he fir.st 
mastered the facts and details and then presented them 
without any effort at oratorical effect, but in a plain 



222 Life and Character of Marcus A. J/aiuia 

business-like statement, marshaling his facts and thrusting 
home his argumcni in a most powerful and convincing 
manner. Probably no greater change of sentiment in Con- 
gress or in the minds of the people was ever wrought by a 
single s}x-ech than that following the remarks of Senator 
Hanna on the ciuestion of the selection of the route for 
the istlimiau canal. The idea seemed to be accepted as an 
a.xiom lliat the Xicaraguan route was llie American route, 
and that the I-'reiicli selection of Panama had been a 
mistake and a fallacN'. But in spite of these e.xisting preju- 
dices Senator H.\nna convinced the Senate of the United 
States that the\- were not fomided on facts and secured the 
selection of the Panama route. Nor was his influence 
limited to llial l)ranc]i nf Congress of which he was a 
member, for, in s]iite of llie fact that the Hou.se of Repre- 
sentatives b\ an almost unanimous vote had decided in 
favor of the Xicaraguan route, it promptly reversed its 
judgment and joined willi tJK- Senate in indorsing his 
views. 

P.ul, Mr. Speaker, .Senator Hanna's fame will re.st more 
largely upon his intimate friendship with and as the recog- 
nized counselor of William McKinley during the trying 
times and most serious events of his great .\dministration. 
The names of lhe.se two great and good men will be indeli- 
blv linked in the writings of our country's hi.slory. They 
were of the same lime, of the .same mind. Their disposi- 
tions were similar in many respects — calm in judgment, .slow 
of movement, but resolute to the last when decisions had 
once been taken. I can not close, sir, without paying my 
personal tribute l»> the kindly nature and warm heart of the 



Address of Mr. Adams, of Pennsylvania 223 

late Senator Haxxa. His consideration for men yonnger 
than himself was most prononnced, and his heart and his 
head were always ready to aid when appealed to for advice 
or svmpathv. His was a nature so genial and kind that his 
nienior\- will ever live in the hearts of his friends, and his 
fame will e\'er last in the records of the nation. 



>24 I^i/l' and L'lniracter of Marcus A. Hanna 



Address of Mr. Lacey, of Iowa. 

Mr. Spe.\kek: WV- coinmeinorate to-day the public life 
and services of Marcis A. Haxna, whose great and use- 
ful career ha.s so suddenh Icrniinated. 

His political life was exposed to the fiercest attacks, but 
he outlived calumny, and died loved and honored even by 
those who fought him the hardest. 

The world, has always loved the man who does things. 
He ranks far aboxe the man who onh' .savs things. 

In iS</) Mark Haxna was the be.st hated man in 
America. 

Libel and the deadly caricature had been plied against 
him with persistence and telling effect, and he was thor- 
oughly and effectualh- misunderstood, even in his own 
])arty, save by those who knew him per.sonalh. 

It was well .said of Sir Joshua Re\nolds 1)\' Xorthcote 
that the great painter would as lief have committed a for- 
gery as to draw a caricature. 

When finally Mr. H.vnna took the stump in person and 
demonstrated that he could talk as well as act, the people 
looked into Ills clear, honest e\es, listened to his .strong, 
vigorous, and .sound logic, and tbe frozen crust of hate 
melted, and he was at once \alued at his true worth; the 
m\lh di.sajjpeared and the man took its ])lace. I remem- 
ber in i.St;6 when 1 was s])eaking to an audience of work- 
ingnien they hooted at the name of Ha.n.na. 



Address of Mr. Laccy\ of lorva 225 

Four }ears later the same men welcomed all allusion to 
his name with thunders of applause. He had become 
recognized as the friend as well as the employer of labor. 

His life, public and private, has been so well described 
by his friends in both the Senate and the House that I 
content nu'self with this brief but loving- tribute to his 
memory. 

He was \\\\ friend. To love and hate the .same things 
constitute tlie strongest bond of hmnau friendship. 

In the maturity of his powers, when his ability and char- 
acter had liecome so recognized that his useftilness was most 
helpful to the cause and countr}- that he loved, he fell. 

We inourn him and commend him to that Being — 

AVho in the dark aiul silent grave, 
When we have wandered all our ways, 
Shuts up the story of our days. 

S. Doc. 321, 5S-2 15 



226 Life and Character of Marcus .1. Haitiia 



Address of Mr. Grosvenor. of Omo 

Mr. Speaker: In llic \er\- few moinent.s I shall occupy 
I .shall not attein])t" to di.scus.s the jjreat characteristics of 
Senator H.\nna. I will only refer \er\' l^riefly to .st)me of 
the salient points of his career and contribute to the record 
more elaborate sn^jj^cstions in the same direction. 

I did not know Senator Hanna well until he became 
connected with the activities of Ohio jwlitics. He had 
been a member of our State executi\e connnittee, or an 
advisory member, for a consideraljle number of years before 
the public outside of the State came to know him. I in- 
dorse all that has been .said in rej^^ard to the unselfish char- 
acter of Senator Hanna. He ne\er entered politics for 
anv selfish purpo.se. He ne\er remained in jxilitics for a 
like consideration, and he never sou<(ht ])er.soual preferment 
until tile time eanie when that alone could become a vindi- 
cation due to his own party and the dearest friend tlial he 
had within the lines of that party. He believed thoroujifhly 
in the principles of the jjartN' to which he beloni.jed. Xo 
man ever more faithfulh stood by the tenets of his part\', 
and no man e\er was clearer of any ])urpose of halting; or 
compromisinij or apolojjizin}^ for anythin<j that h.e belie\ed 
to be a true doctrine of political rights. 

Senator Hanna was a reader antl student of i)olilics. He 
did not, as many ha\e sup])o.sed, frnisji every idea without 
studious consideration au<l careful weifjliin;^ oi arjjunients 



Address of Mr. Gros2'ciior, of Ohio 227 

pro and cmi. He was a student of theories illustrated bv 
practical facts. To the theories of the writer and the speaker 
he applied practical ever}-day common sense, of which he 
was a storehouse. It was these qualities that made him so 
powerful as a business man. Theories were to him only 
suggestions; practical facts were to him the demonstration 
of the falsity or the truth of theories. 

Senator Hanna was a warm supporter of John Shennan 
for President of the United States ; and, though I ha\'e not 
seen it adverted to since his death, it was a fact within my 
own observation and the knowledge of many others who 
are here, that he oppo,sed the attitude of Mr. McKinle\' in 
one of those grand State campaigns, and having cast in his 
lot with vShennan, notwithstanding all his affection for 
]\IcKinley, he did all in his power to prevent the breaking 
up and disintegration of the Ohio delegation, even though 
McKinley, acting under the instruction of his friends at 
home, cast his vote in the convention for James G. Blaine. 

vSenator H.\nn.\ about that time or shortlv afterwards 
became warmly attached to ]\IcKinley ; and that attach- 
ment grew to be one of the most beautiful exhibitions of 
love between two men that I have ever witnes.sed. He 
believed in ]\IcKinley. He had .seen the rise and progress 
and growth and development of that splendid character. 
He had lived in the immediate section of the State where 
WcKinley resided and had known him as a yotmg law- 
ver. I remember an anecdote that he told me in the pres- 
ence of one who knew the facts, how McKinley came down 
to some of his coal mines, where some riotous coal miners 
had been prosecuted for riots, and ^IcKinley defended the 



228 fjfc iind Character of Marcus A. Haniia 

miners and assailed the nianaj^enient of the mines. Sena- 
tor Haxna said that was tlie first time that he ever felt the 
fnll appreciatiiin of the jwssibilities of McKinley. 

From time to time, as the campaign of 1896 developed, 
it was cnrrently reported that Haxxa would be benefited 
in some \va\- b\- tlie election of McKinley. I want to con- 
tribute this much to the history of tho.se times, with which 
1 was thoroughh- familiar: I personally know, and there 
are others who know the .same thing and from the .same 
source of knowledge, that immediately following the elec- 
tion of 1S96 President McKinley tendered to Mr. Hanxa 
formallv a position in his Cabinet; and I remember di.s- 
tiuctlv the answer that Haxxa made, although I did not 
see the letters that pa.ssed between them. 

He .said that it \s(iuld a])])ear to the people of the country 
that he had been selfisli ;uid self-seeking in the matter of 
his strong support for McKinley, and he preferred the 
character and reputation (jf a tlisinterested friend of Mr. 
McKiulev's to any office tliat .McKinley could give him; 
and it was not mitil McKinley had tendered, in writing, 
the place of Secretary of State to Mr. Slierman and it had 
been accepted by him that Hanna yielded to the sugges- 
tion tliat he should be a candidate for the I'nited States 
Senatorship, and then he did .so at the urgent per.st>nal 
request of McKinley, who .said that if he could not have 
him in the Cabinet he desired ilial he should be a member 
of llie .Sruali.. 'I'lius it was that it came t<i our knowledge 
tliat he was not a .self-.seeking jjoliticiau, l)Ut was a disinter- 
ested friend, first of McKinley and ne.\t of the .success of 
the great jiarty to which he belonged. 



Address of Mr. Grosvciwr., of Ohio 229 

It was a chapter in Ohio politics that I do not intend to 
enter upon, to which reference has been made b\' some of 
the gentlemen who have preceded me. I do. not want to 
recall, except for the sake of the justice of history, the 
events of the ^'ear when Haxxa ha\-ing lieen tendered and 
ha\-ing accepted the position of Senator, having been nomi- 
nated b\' the overwhelming vote of the vState convention, 
was almost defeated for election. I refer to it now to sa}- 
that, notwithstanding all the bitter denunciation of Hanxa 
and his friends incidental to that great contest and that 
chapter in (Jhio politics that brings the blush of shame to 
everv man who was connected with the treachery of that 
hour and day, after all the calcium light of these months 
and ^•ears has been turned upon him, there was no stain of 
corruption or dishonor placed upon the skirts of Haxn.\. 

I know it has been said that office was conferred for 
favors among the uiendDers of the State legislature. That 
is true; that is a part of our politics; that is incident to the 
politics of our countr}-. And there was no man who more 
firmly believed and more religiously practiced the tenet of 
remembering his friends and standing by them than did 
Haxx.a. And a man who does not do that is not fit to be 
in politics. The man who will falter wlien his friend's 
hour of trouble comes ought to have no friends when his 
trial is on. That is the religion of American politics, and 
he who does not obey it is not fit to be a member of the 
great bod\' to which an American citizen belongs. 

I never heard Senator Haxxa complain of a man who 
tried to betra\' him in that contest; and you have heard 
how he stood up and pronounced an almost tearful eulogy 



230 Life and Character of Marcus A. JIainia 

over the man who of all other men owed him allegiance 
and betrayed his duty. 

When Manna had served in the Senate and sought the 
approbation of his fellow-citizens in Ohio by reelection, 
then he became an earnest seeker for the office, not because 
he desired that office for selfish purposes, but because he 
was determined that his friends should not sufler bv reason 
of liis luuing been a candidate. 

I do not care to refer, in the brief moment llial I am to 
u.se, to that which has .so often been referred to bv others — 
the abuse and traducing of Haxna in the newspapers and 
throughout the country. It is a very curious .study ; there 
is no other picture like it in the history of mankind, except 
our account, our knowledge, our belief in the character of 
Him who spoke of himself as being " despi.sed and rejected 
oi men," and who has since become the great and adorable 
central figure of Christianity. 

But, without any purpo.se of comparison, wlien, in all 
the history of mankind, was it that a man so ihoroughlv 
hated, thoroughly despised, thoroughh- condemned Ijy 99 
l)er cent of all the people of the I'uited States — not all of 
them hating, but every one of them suspiciou.s — died in a 
\ery few .short years at his post of duty coxcred with honor 
and acquit of dishonorable characteri.stics 1>\ an eiiual per 
cent of all mankind? How lie did it 1 do not know. 

That Senator II anna felt keenly the abuse of him.self 
we all kuiiw who knew liim. Thai he suffered intensely 
nobody who knew him can doulil. .\ Senator has .said 
since the death of .Senator Hann.v llial on one occasion 
Ha.\n.'\ e.\hil)ited lo him one of tho.se infamous cartoons, 



Address of Mr. Grosvenor, of Ohio 231 

born of the malice of a corrupt man, and shed tears o\'er it. 
And there are a number of lis who can state how repeatedly 
he said : " If I believed there was any possible justice, any 
possible reason, for all this, I would not shrink from bear- 
ing it ; the grief that comes to me," said he, " is not on my 
own account, but because of the regret and sorrow that is 
felt by my friends." 

It will not do at the end of a career like that to say that 
" no honest man need be afraid of slander." One honest 
man has lived it down ; many have, but here is a conspicu- 
ous example of one who lived down the basest organization 
of slander ever hurled at a man in American politics and 
emerged from it with honor and credit. 

But that does not answer the just criticism of mankind. 
Here was a man of distinguished life, pure in his .social, 
political, and business relations, sound as a dollar upon every 
question of nianhood ; and }'et for the purpose of destro}'- 
ing McKinle}', whom the}- knew slander could not affect, 
because he was too well known, a vicious conspiracy of 
crime and slander and libel and detraction was organized 
and hurled at ]M.a.rcus A. Hanna. If they could destroy 
Hanna, the most important spoke in the wheel would be 
broken ; and utterly regardless of ever}- principle of human- 
itv, ever}' suggestion of decency, every inspiration of honor 
and integrity, they drove straight at the mark of ruining 
Marcus A. Hanna. They did not cease with 1896. They 
proceeded to permeate the whole country, and little children 
looked with horror upon the libelous publications that were 
made. Such a crime as that can not be atoned for by a 
cowardly retraction when the victim is dead. But it is said 



232 Lifv iind Cliaracler of Marcus A. Haiiua 

he lived it down ; lie became great ; he became honored ; 
therefore there has been no harm done. Here is one \ictim 
who lived it down ; here is one victim who, after vears of 
faithful slniirijle, jfot the t)etter of his libelers. 

How many ha\e fallen under the stroke of slander! 
How many have been dri\en away from the effort to live 
down libels and slanders! That is the place to look; not 
at that one man who has outlived and ifrown above the 
shaft of cnv\' and ill will and crime. The question is, 
how many lia\e failed to do it? How man\- hearts have 
been wronged, how many tears ha\-e been shed, how main- 
hone.st men ha\e suffered, how many wives have shed 
tears, how many children have fled in mortification from 
their fellows? That is the way to estimate the work of 
the libeler — the criminal libeler — the man who stalks in 
the connnuuily with tlic poison tliat lie exudes and tar- 
nishes the \er\- name of Christian ci\ilization. To w lial 
extent has his work been done? Xex'er, until the jjreat 
(iod above i.ssues the decree that .shall fix his punishment, 
will the e.xact value of his career be known. 

Mr. Speaker, I can not pursue the subject further. I 
loved M.\RCrs A. H.\nn.\. I iie\er knew a man whom I 
admired more <.freall\- than I did him. I never knew a 
man who rose .so rajiidly. .\nd yet there were reasons for 
it and characteristics that make it not stranjje that he ro.se. 
Hnt it is a wonderful history tliat in six years' time a man 
can come fmm obscurity, .so far as jniblic office is con- 
cerned, and iiiler the .Seiiale of the I'niled Slates and 
niaki- the |)rofound iuiprissiou u])on that j^reat boily ami 
U])on llie country that lu- ili<l. 



Address of Mr. Grosvciior, of Ohio 233 

I have no time for detail, hut we all remember how 
entlnisiastically we, here in this House, b\- an overwhelm- 
ino; majorit)-, following- the lead of one of our greatest 
men, the Chairman of the Committee on Interstate and 
Foreign Commerce [Mr. Hepburn], who so enthusiastic- 
ally championed the Xicaragua Canal, we all remenil)er . 
with what enthusiasm we sent the bill to the vSenate, and 
how we understood that when it reached there four-fifths 
of the Senate would be on our side, and yet how a single 
Senator, by the force of his training and his education, his 
character, his power of research, seized upon his knowledge 
of the situation and ultimately revolutionized the whole 
action of the Senate and received the cordial approbation 
of the House; and now, to-da\-, as we stand here eulogizing 
his memory, the news is just flashed into print on this side 
of the ocean that the great achievement has been wrought 
out and that the title, indefeasible and u.nassailed, in the 
Panama Canal has become ours. 

Senator H.\xxa was most happ>- in his home life, and it 
was here at his home and at his beautiful residence on the 
lake shore near Cle\'eland that the true qualities of genuine 
humanity and clii\-alrous gentlemanly attributes shone out 
so brightly. His wife was a lady of most excellent fitness 
to be the companion and friend of Hanx.\. Strong in 
mental qualities, able, and attractive in all the graces of 
the female character, she stood by him through his life 
with the devotion of a true wife; made his home at his 
hearthstone the citadel of love and rest; shared in his tri- 
mnphs; contributed to all that made him great, and wept 
over him with the just consciousness that in no respect 



234 ^''f<' T"^ Character of Marcus A. Haiina 

had she fallen sliort of her jiTeat dut>- as a channiiij^ and 
faithful wife. 

Shortly after the Death of Senator Hanna I received a 
ver>- beautiful little eulojjy in verse of the Senator, which I 
lake ijTeat pleasure in appendin<jf to my address: 

MARCrS A. HANNA. 

I And King David said unto his household. Know yc not thai there is a Prince and a 
Great Man fallen this day in Israel. II Sam., 3d chap., jSth verse.) 

I. 

Ajjaiii, a Prince ha.s fallen in the fiji;hl — 

The val'rous Champion of the truth an<i right; 

Determined, honest, level-hea<Ie<l. just - 

Who hroke no promise, nor helrayeil a trust! 

His genial face \\-ith courtly kindne.ss beiimed — 

By friends beloved, by all mankimi esteemed; 

He led his cohorts at the people's call — 

Him.self the Noblest Roman of them all! 

He gained the iterance of their reverend cheers — 

And won his battles with anointe<l spears! 

The [wople mourn him! Words are hard to tind 

To aptly voice the anguish of their mind; 

From the mute mourners halting phra.ses come — 

Grief is never deeper than when 'tis dumb! 

H. 

No name of mortal is secure in stone — 

But ill some worthy dee<l, and that alone; 

Hewn on the Parthenon, it will fade and waste 

Can-eil on the Pyramids, it will be effaced! 

The jxmip and pageant, and the pillared pile — 

The sculptured arch, the bronze, not long iK-guile! 

And now, while wailing church bells s;idly chime — 

I'pon his brow I i)lace this wreath of rhyme, 

St> that in other years it may ap]>ear 

How true he was, how gracious, how sincere! 

How wept, how honore<l by the frienils he loved^ 

Knnobleil of himself — by all ajiprovcd. 

Peace to his manly sl>u1 and sweetest rest — 

With that ('.lad Throng Whom I.ove of God has Hlest! 

Uavik Jamks Evaxs. 



LHAr"!^^ 



Ac/dress of M)-. ('jrosvciioi% of Ohio 235 

IVIr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members 
may have leave to print in the Record eulogies in commemo- 
ration of ]\Ir. Haxxa, and that the resolution in his case 
lie on the table until the conclusion of the other eulogies 
which are to be pronounced. 

The Speaker pro tempore (Mr. Goebel). The gentle- 
man from Ohio [Mr. Grosvenor] asks unanimous consent 
that general leave to print eulogies upon the late Senator 
Hanna be granted. The Chair hears no objection, and 
leave is granted. 

The Speaker pro tempore. Now, in purstiance of the 
resolutions already adopted, and as a further mark of 
respect to the deceased Senator and Representatives, the 
House stands adjourned until to-morrow, at 12 o'clock 
noon. 

Accordingly (at 5 o'clock and 26 minutes p. m.), the 
House adjourned. 



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